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United States Department of Health and Human Services
行业: Government
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United States Department of Health and Human Services, Radiation Emergency Medical Management
A unit used to derive a quantity called dose equivalent. This relates the absorbed dose in human tissue to the effective biological damage of the radiation. Not all radiation has the same biological effect, even for the same amount of absorbed dose. Dose equivalent is often expressed as millionths of a sievert, or micro-sieverts (µsv). One sievert is equivalent to 100 rem. For more information, see “primer on radiation measurement” from cdc.
Industry:Medical devices
Effects of radiation that are limited to the exposed person, as distinguished from genetic effects, which may also affect subsequent generations. See also teratogenic effects.
Industry:Medical devices
Plutonium and uranium enriched in the isotope uranium-233 or uranium 235. (chemical/biological/radiological incident handbook, central intelligence agency)
Industry:Medical devices
The proportion of a population expected to get a disease over a specified time period. See also risk, relative risk.
Industry:Medical devices
The amount of energy deposited by ionizing radiation in a unit mass of tissue. It is expressed in units of joule per kilogram (j/kg), and called “gray” (gy). For more information, see “primer on radiation measurement” from cdc.
Industry:Medical devices
Elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers from 90 to 103 (thorium to lawrencium); i.e., elements with a higher atomic number than actinium, which has an atomic number of 89. These are also called "rare earth metals." they include most of the well-known elements found in nuclear reactions. Actinides with atomic numbers higher than 92 do not occur naturally but are produced artificially by bombarding other elements with particles. Some of the actinides include plutonium, curium, and californium.
Industry:Medical devices
The property of certain nuclides of emitting radiation by spontaneous transformation of their nuclei. Various units of (radio)activity have been used including curie (1 ci = 3.7 x 1010 disintegrations per second) and becquerel ( 1 bq = 1 disintegration per second). (mettler fa jr, upton ac: medical effects of ionizing radiation, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, pa: saunders elsevier, 2008, page 552)
Industry:Medical devices
An exposure to radiation that occurred in a matter of minutes rather than in longer, continuing exposure over a period of time. See also chronic exposure, exposure, fractionated exposure.
Industry:Medical devices
The acute radiation syndrome (ars) is also known as radiation sickness. A person exposed to radiation will develop ars only if the radiation dose was high, penetrating (e.g., x-rays or gamma rays), encompassed most or all of the body, and was received in a short period of time. Clinical severity of the four subsyndromes of ars (hematopoietic, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and neurovascular) will vary with dose and host factors (e.g., young or old age, immunosuppression, and medical co-morbidity--especially extensive trauma and burns).
Industry:Medical devices
A nuclear weapon explosion that is high enough in the air to keep the fireball from touching the ground. Because the fireball does not reach the ground and does not pick up any surface material, the radioactivity in the fallout from an air burst is relatively insignificant compared with a surface burst. For more information, see chapter 2 of cdc’s fallout report (pdf - 32.24 mb).
Industry:Medical devices