- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A temperature-sensing element that converts thermal energy directly into electrical energy. In its basic form it consists of two dissimilar metallic electrical conductors connected in a closed loop. Each junction forms a thermocouple. One thermocouple is maintained at a known temperature (usually 0°C or a measured temperature) and the other thermocouple is used to measure the unknown temperature. The signal voltage is a function of the temperature, and the smooth curve can be handled with a simple linear fit over a moderate temperature range. Different materials have different curves. Popular thermocouples (and change in voltage per °C) include iron- constantan (50 mv per °C), copper-constantan (38 mv per °C), and various platinum alloys. Thermocouples are also important in home furnaces to detect the pilot light or that the fuel has ignited. A chain of thermocouples, called a thermopile, can be used as a power supply if a source of heat and cold is available.
Industry:Weather
A temperature-measuring system in which the thermally sensitive element is located at a distance from the indicating element.
Industry:Weather
A temperature telemeter, frequently used in a weather station to indicate the temperature at the instrument shelter located outside. See telethermometer.
Industry:Weather
A technique for approximating turbulence by retaining forecast equations for first-, second-, and third-order statistical moments, and parameterizing all other higher moments. Compare higher-order closure, second-order closure, first-order closure, nonlocal closure, local closure.
Industry:Weather
A technique based upon the measurement of light absorption upon irradiating a sample using a tunable laser source. This technique is generally used for quantitative measurements of the sample concentration or studying the spectral characteristics of the sample. Specific applications of this technique include saturation spectroscopy, heterodyne spectroscopy, opto-acoustic spectroscopy, and trace gas measurements in combustion, atmospheric, and kinetic studies. See Also diode laser, dye laser.
Industry:Weather
A tapered fabric sleeve, shaped like a truncated cone and pivoted at its larger end on a vertical standard, for the purpose of indicating wind direction. Since the air enters the fixed end, the small end of the cone points away from the wind.
Industry:Weather
A system of local time classification, differing from coordinated universal time (UTC) in steps of 1 hour per 15° of longitude. The individual time zones are categorized by the letters A, B, C, etc. (omitting J) for areas centered on 15°E, 30°E, 45°E, etc. And by the letters N, 0, P, etc. For areas centered on 15°W, 30°W, 45°W, etc. , respectively. UTC is, in this system, designated as Z time.
Industry:Weather
A synoptic chart showing the difference in value of a meteorological element between two levels in the atmosphere. A common example is the thickness chart. See differential analysis, differential chart.
Industry:Weather
A synoptic chart showing the contour lines of the tropopause and tropopause break lines.
Industry:Weather
