- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
- Number of blossaries: 0
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A saucerlike depression in the snow near obstructions such as trees, houses, and rocks, caused by the eddying action of the deflected wind.
Industry:Weather
A satellite designed to determine ion concentration within the ionosphere as measured from above the ionosphere.
Industry:Weather
A river gauge in which a weight suspended on a wire is lowered to the water surface from a bridge or other overhead structure to measure the distance from a point of known elevation on the bridge to the water surface. The distance is usually measured by counting the number of revolutions of a drum required to lower the weight, and a counter is provided that reads the water stage directly.
Industry:Weather
A reversing thermometer (for seawater temperature) that is not protected against hydrostatic pressure. The mercury bulb is therefore squeezed, and the amount of mercury broken off on reversal is a function both of temperature and of hydrostatic pressure. When compared with the simultaneous reading of a protected thermometer, which is affected by temperature only, the unprotected thermometer reading can be converted to pressure, and then, by applying the mean density of the water, to depth.
Industry:Weather
A retarding force on the wind that occurs when atmospheric waves or oscillations form when air flows over mountains. The waves transport momentum between the ground and critical levels of zero wind speed aloft. Compare skin drag, form drag.
Industry:Weather
A representative value for a set of numbers ''x''<sub>1</sub>, ''x''<sub>2</sub>, • • •, ''x<sub>n</sub>'' given by the sum ''w''<sub>1</sub>''x''<sub>1</sub> + ''w''<sub>2</sub>''x''<sub>2</sub> + • • • + ''w<sub>n</sub>x<sub>n</sub>'', where the numbers ''w<sub>i</sub>'' are the weights. The weights are usually assigned positive values that sum to unity. If all the weights are equal, the weighted mean reduces to the arithmetic mean.
Industry:Weather
A relationship between radar reflectivity factor ''Z'' (mm<sup>6</sup> m<sup>−3</sup>) and rain rate ''R'' (mm h<sup>−1</sup>). Empirical relationships of the form ''Z'' = ''aR<sup>b</sup>'' are often used, with ''a'' ≈ 200 to 600 and ''b'' ≈ 1. 5 to 2. 0. See radar reflectivity, Marshall–Palmer relation.
Industry:Weather
A region in an estuary where the tidally driven interaction between freshwater and saltwater generates a relative maximum concentration of suspended sediment and thus turbidity.
Industry:Weather
A refinement of the simpler dipole representation for the electrostatic structure of isolated electrified clouds. The tripole structure includes the lower positive charge center that appears in many observations.
Industry:Weather
