- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
As used by the American Society of Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers, a diagram showing curves of relative humidity and effective temperature superimposed upon rectangular coordinates of wet-bulb temperature and dry-bulb temperature. Upon this chart (one for each chosen rate of air movement) may be indicated comfort zones bounded by relative humidity and effective temperature curves; these zones may be determined for various conditions (different seasons, different nations, different races, different clothing, etc. ).
Industry:Weather
As defined by the Köhler equation, the size of a hygroscopic nucleus of given mass at which the equilibrium saturation ratio reaches a maximum, or the derivative of the saturation ratio with respect to size is zero. This defines activation; solution droplets greater than this size are said to be activated and may grow without limit in an environment with lower saturation.
Industry:Weather
As defined by A. Supan (1879), a region of the earth within which the mean temperature of the warmest month is less than 10°C. This limiting condition closely approximates the temperature at the arctic tree line, and was later adopted by W. Köppen (1918) as his boundary between the polar climates and tree climates. Supan also defined temperate belt and hot belt in his early form of climatic classification.
Industry:Weather
As applied to a mercury barometer, that part of the instrument correction that is required by the shape of the meniscus of the mercury. Mercury does not wet glass and consequently the shape of the meniscus is normally convex upward, resulting in a positive correction. For a given barometer, this correction will vary slightly with the height of the meniscus. The capillarity correction can be minimized by using a tube of large bore. See barometric corrections, capillary depression, capillary action.
Industry:Weather
Aquifer bounded on top and bottom by much less permeable formations.
Industry:Weather
Approximations made to the Reynolds-averaged equations of turbulence to allow solutions for flow and turbulence variables. The Reynolds-averaged equations contain statistical correlations such as the variance or covariance between dependent variables such as velocity or temperature. The equations that forecast lower-order correlations often contain unknowns of higher statistical order, a difficulty known as the closure problem. When the higher-order terms are approximated as empirical functions of lower-order terms and of known independent variables, the resulting approximate equations can then be solved. These approximations, known as closure assumptions, must satisfy parameterization rules.
Industry:Weather
Any process by which the natural course of development of a cloud in the earth's atmosphere is altered, for example, by the exhaust from an aircraft engine or smoke and heat from a forest fire.
Industry:Weather
Any weakening of cyclonic circulation in the atmosphere; the opposite of cyclogenesis. Cyclolysis, which refers to the circulation, is to be distinguished from filling, an increase in atmospheric pressure, although the two processes commonly occur simultaneously. Compare anticyclolysis.
Industry:Weather
Any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance not normally present or found at unusually high concentrations in water or soil.
Industry:Weather
Any one of the relatively permanent factors that govern the general nature of the climate of a portion of the earth. These factors include 1) solar radiation, especially as it varies with latitude; 2) distribution of land and water masses; 3) elevation and large-scale topography; and 4) the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. The types of climatic controls were used as the basis for early climatic classifications. All of these have been nearly constant during historical time, but most or all of them have changed during geologic time and have caused large-scale changes of climate. See climate control.
Industry:Weather
