- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
1. That part of precipitation that reaches stream channels as direct runoff. 2. In irrigation, the portion of the precipitation that remains in the soil and is available for consumptive use.
Industry:Weather
The vertical component of the velocity of a sharp-edged gust that would produce a given acceleration on a particular airplane flown in level flight at the design cruising speed of the aircraft and at a given air density. See derived gust velocity.
Industry:Weather
The permeability of a soil not fully saturated with the fluid of interest. It is equal to the intrinsic permeability multiplied by the relative permeability.
Industry:Weather
1. The volume of the voids that conduct water divided by the volume of the sample; equal to or less than the porosity. 2. The portion of the porosity that can be drained by gravity forces; equal to the porosity minus the residual water content.
Industry:Weather
The sum of molecular and turbulent fluxes within the bottom few millimeters of the earth's surface. Immediately at the surface of the solid earth, turbulent fluxes must be zero. At this interface, the flux of sensible or latent heat must be totally transported by molecular motions (conduction and diffusion). Within a few millimeters above the surface, turbulence takes over to transport the fluxes, while the molecular effects become negligible. For simplicity, the sum of the molecular and turbulent fluxes is sometimes called the effective turbulent flux; frequently, “effective” is left out entirely. Thus, the expression “surface turbulent flux” really means “surface effective flux. ”
Industry:Weather
Actual amount of water lost to evapotranspiration from the soil– plant continuum by an actively growing plant or crop. Water loss through evapotranspiration depends upon plant and soil characteristics, and upon the amount of available water in the soil. See also potential evapotranspiration.
Industry:Weather
The shearing stress produced by turbulent eddies in analogy to the shearing stress related to viscosity in a laminar flow.
Industry:Weather
A specific wave form that propagates along a boundary. The presence of the rigid boundary alters the wave dynamics. A simple example of an edge wave is the rotary wave that can easily be generated in a bathtub.
Industry:Weather
The exchange coefficient for the diffusion of a conservative property by eddies in a turbulent flow. See also diffusivity.
Industry:Weather
1. Same as turbulent diffusion. 2. Mixing that is caused by eddies that can vary in size from the smallest scales (Kolmogorov scale) to subtropical gyres.
Industry:Weather
