- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A cyclone, or low, that appears to have formed or developed in the vicinity of the Gulf of Genoa (Ligurian Sea).
Industry:Weather
A ditch constructed to assist the early and rapid freezing of the soil in order to block the seepage of subsurface flow from entering a critical area.
Industry:Weather
A sea breeze. In southwest France it refers to a southwesterly sea breeze that sets in about 9 A. M. , reaches it maximum towards 2 p. M. And ceases about 5 In Catalonia (northeast Spain) the sea breeze is called garbi but is easterly. The Spanish equivalent is garbino.
Industry:Weather
A ditch constructed to assist the early and rapid freezing of the soil in order to block the seepage of subsurface flow from entering a critical area.
Industry:Weather
The mechanical resistive force offered by one medium or body to the relative motion of another medium or body in contact with the first. Solid bodies in relative motion display sliding and rolling friction that depend upon the forces pressing the bodies together, but that are nearly independent of the shapes or relative speeds of the bodies. The resistance of fluids to the relative motion of a solid body is, however, dependent upon the relative speed and the shape of the body, as well as upon the character of the flow itself (see drag). Turbulent resistance of the earth on the atmosphere (surface friction) has been represented as proportional to both the first and second power of the speed of the low-level winds. The first representation leads to the cross-isobar frictional wind and to an estimate of the low- level frictional convergence, while the second representation has been employed in studies of momentum and energy abstraction from the atmosphere at the earth's surface. The word “friction” is often inappropriately used in place of turbulent drag when describing the differences between the atmospheric boundary layer and the rest of the troposphere.
Industry:Weather
The mechanical resistive force offered by one medium or body to the relative motion of another medium or body in contact with the first. Solid bodies in relative motion display sliding and rolling friction that depend upon the forces pressing the bodies together, but that are nearly independent of the shapes or relative speeds of the bodies. The resistance of fluids to the relative motion of a solid body is, however, dependent upon the relative speed and the shape of the body, as well as upon the character of the flow itself (see drag). Turbulent resistance of the earth on the atmosphere (surface friction) has been represented as proportional to both the first and second power of the speed of the low-level winds. The first representation leads to the cross-isobar frictional wind and to an estimate of the low- level frictional convergence, while the second representation has been employed in studies of momentum and energy abstraction from the atmosphere at the earth's surface. The word “friction” is often inappropriately used in place of turbulent drag when describing the differences between the atmospheric boundary layer and the rest of the troposphere.
Industry:Weather
The force imparted by the earth to a mass that is at rest relative to the earth. Since the earth is rotating, the force observed as gravity is the resultant of the force of gravitation and the centrifugal force arising from this rotation. It is directed normal to sea level and to its geopotential surfaces. The magnitude of the force of gravity at sea level decreases from the poles, where the centrifugal force is zero, to the equator, where the centrifugal force is a maximum but directed opposite to the force of gravitation. This difference is accentuated by the shape of the earth, which is nearly that of an oblate spheroid of revolution slightly depressed at the poles. Also, because of the asymmetric distribution of the mass of the earth, the force of gravity is not directed precisely toward the earth's center. The magnitude of the force of gravity per unit mass (acceleration of gravity) g may be determined at any latitude φ and at any geometric height z (meters) above sea level in the free air from the following empirical formula:
where gφ = 980. 6160 (1 − 0. 0026373 cos 2φ + 0. 0000059 cos2 2φ) is the sea level value of gravity (cm s−2) at latitude φ. This formula as applied near the earth indicates that gravity changes very little with height or latitude, so that for rough calculations a constant value of 980 cm s−2 may be used. Besides these variations in the magnitude of the force of gravity, there are more localized variations controlled by the topography of the earth's surface, and the distribution of mass beneath. The magnitude of the force of gravity is usually called either gravity, acceleration of gravity, or apparent gravity. See virtual gravity, geopotential height, standard gravity.
Industry:Weather
Ice crystals that form in supercooled water that is too turbulent to permit coagulation into sheet ice. This is most common in swiftly flowing streams, but is also found in a turbulent sea (where it is called lolly ice). It may accumulate as anchor ice on submerged objects obstructing the water flow.
Industry:Weather
The force imparted by the earth to a mass that is at rest relative to the earth. Since the earth is rotating, the force observed as gravity is the resultant of the force of gravitation and the centrifugal force arising from this rotation. It is directed normal to sea level and to its geopotential surfaces. The magnitude of the force of gravity at sea level decreases from the poles, where the centrifugal force is zero, to the equator, where the centrifugal force is a maximum but directed opposite to the force of gravitation. This difference is accentuated by the shape of the earth, which is nearly that of an oblate spheroid of revolution slightly depressed at the poles. Also, because of the asymmetric distribution of the mass of the earth, the force of gravity is not directed precisely toward the earth's center. The magnitude of the force of gravity per unit mass (acceleration of gravity) g may be determined at any latitude φ and at any geometric height z (meters) above sea level in the free air from the following empirical formula:
where gφ = 980. 6160 (1 − 0. 0026373 cos 2φ + 0. 0000059 cos2 2φ) is the sea level value of gravity (cm s−2) at latitude φ. This formula as applied near the earth indicates that gravity changes very little with height or latitude, so that for rough calculations a constant value of 980 cm s−2 may be used. Besides these variations in the magnitude of the force of gravity, there are more localized variations controlled by the topography of the earth's surface, and the distribution of mass beneath. The magnitude of the force of gravity is usually called either gravity, acceleration of gravity, or apparent gravity. See virtual gravity, geopotential height, standard gravity.
Industry:Weather
A dense fog and/or drizzle from low stratus on the west coast of South America. It creates a raw, cold atmosphere that may last for weeks in winter and supplies a limited amount of moisture to the area.
Industry:Weather
