- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
In a dishpan experiment, a flow dominated by a single large Hadley cell.
Industry:Weather
In Ahlmann's (1935) glacier classification, a polar glacier with firn in the accumulation area that is 100 m or more thick and that does not melt appreciably in summer.
Industry:Weather
In artificial intelligence, a rule of thumb, generally based on expert experience or common sense rather than an underlying theory or mathematical model, that can be incorporated in a knowledge base and used to guide a problem-solving process. Most procedures used by human weather forecasters are heuristic, as are many pattern-recognition techniques in radar and satellite meteorology.
Industry:Weather
Ice layers formed by separate accumulation events and exposed at a glacier front or a crevasse wall.
Industry:Weather
Ice-crystal clouds that exhibit brilliant spots or borders of colors, usually red and green, observed up to about 30° from the sun. This irisation results from an optical diffraction phenomenon, usually of several orders. The cloud particles that occasion this phenomenon are very small (a few micrometers), and locally all are of nearly the same size; they result from local near adiabatic lifting and condensation in moist air often in a lenticular (wave) cloud, in pileus above a developing cumulus, or occasionally in irregular patches of uniform color in a region of shallow convection (in this case sometimes called mother-of-pearl cloud).
Industry:Weather
Ice in the shape of a narrow cone, hanging point downward from a roof, fence, cliffside, etc. An icicle is formed when above-freezing water, for example, snowmelt or groundwater, runs or drips into subfreezing air. The water freezes as it drips or runs, forming a narrow cone pointed downward and growing in both length and width, widest at its top. Most icicles are found hanging from the edges of heated, snow-topped roofs, with any water that has not frozen in its downward traverse forming ice on the surfaces below.
Industry:Weather
Ice formation can occur on aircraft either on the ground or in flight. Ice accretion in flight may constitute a danger by affecting the aerodynamic characteristics, engine performance, or in other ways. There are four types of airframe icing: 1) rime: a light, white opaque deposit that forms generally at temperatures well below 0°C in clouds of low water content, consisting of small supercooled water droplets; 2) clear ice or glaze: a coating of clear ice that forms in clouds of high water content consisting of large (greater than 40 μm in diameter) supercooled water droplets in the form of drizzle or rainfall on aircraft with a temperature near or below 0°C; 3) mixed ice or cloudy ice: a rough, cloudy deposit that occurs in clouds containing a large range of drop sizes or a mix of ice crystals, cloud droplets, and snowflakes; and 4) hoarfrost: a white crystalline coating of ice that forms in clear air by deposition of water vapor when an aircraft surface is colder than the frost point of the air; this can occur when an aircraft moves rapidly (usually in descent) from very cold air into a region with warm and relatively moist air.
Industry:Weather
Ice crystals having well defined crystalline facets, usually on both basal planes and on prism planes.
Industry:Weather
Hyperspectral sounding systems in earth-orbiting satellites measure the Earth�s radiated energy in hundreds or thousands of narrow bandwidth channels, most frequently in the infrared. When these measurements are conducted over a range of wavelengths having slightly different absorption characteristics, the observations can be used to generate high resolution vertical profiles of temperature and humidity.
Industry:Weather
