- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
An intermediate range of turbulent scales or wavelengths that is smaller than the energy-containing eddies but larger than viscous eddies. In the inertial subrange, the net energy coming from the energy-containing eddies is in equilibrium with the net energy cascading to smaller eddies where it is dissipated. Thus the slope of the energy spectrum in this range remains constant. Kolmogorov showed that the slope is −5/ 3 based on dimensional arguments, namely, S ε2/3k−5/3, for ε representing viscous dissipation rate of turbulence kinetic energy, k is wavenumber (inversely proportional to the wavelength), and S is spectral energy in a Fourier decomposition of a turbulent signal. Compare energy spectrum, spectral gap; see also Kolmogorov's similarity hypotheses.
Industry:Weather
An intense eastward flow of about four-week duration found at the equator in the Indian Ocean during the transition periods between the monsoon seasons (April–June and October–December). Speeds at the equator can exceed 1 m s−1 but fall off to less than 0. 2 m s−1 at 2°S and 2°N. The jet is the result of sea level adjustment to the change of wind direction from one monsoon season to the next.
Industry:Weather
An instrument used to detect the occurrence of freezing precipitation. It usually consists of a strip of sheet aluminum about 4 cm (1. 5 in. ) wide and is exposed horizontally, faceup, in the free air about 1 m above the ground. Compare icing-rate meter.
Industry:Weather
An instrument used to measure changes in the level of the water in an evaporation pan. It consists of a pointed metal hook, mounted in the vertical, the position of which with respect to its supporting member may be adjusted by means of a micrometer arrangement. The gauge is placed on the still well and a measurement taken when the point of the hook just breaks above the surface of the water.
Industry:Weather
An instrument that records the duration of sunshine and gives a qualitative measure of the amount of sunshine by the action of the sun's rays upon blueprint paper; a type of sunshine recorder.
Industry:Weather
An instrument that measures both atmospheric water vapor content and temperature. See hygrothermograph.
Industry:Weather
An instrument that compares or combines radiation from a source that has propagated on two or more paths.
Industry:Weather
An instrument for the measurement of the rate of ice accretion on an unheated body, for example, rotating cylinders or discs, stationary airfoils, vibrating rods, and electrical- impedance devices.
Industry:Weather
An instrument often flown on a satellite that measures intensities of electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths within the infrared portion of the spectrum.
Industry:Weather
