- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A procedure for smoothing spectra in order to reduce uncertainties due to truncation of the original data.
Industry:Weather
A positively charged species of chemical, symbol H+, the ionized form of the hydrogen atom. The hydrogen ion is hydrated in aqueous solutions and is usually written as H3O+. Neutral water (pH 7) contains hydrogen ions at a concentration of 10−7 mol L−1. Dissolution of acids in water leads to an increase in the hydrogen ion concentration, and thus a decrease in the PH.
Industry:Weather
A photographic display of echo strength as a function of transmitted frequency produced by a sweep-frequency ionosonde. Ionograms are used to infer the structure of the ionospheric layers and hence to predict radio transmission concentration.
Industry:Weather
A positive feedback mechanism involving ice and snow cover, surface albedo, and temperature. For example, given an initial warming, a decrease in snow and ice cover occurs, lowering the surface albedo. This causes an increase in the absorption of solar radiation, which amplifies the initial increase in temperature.
Industry:Weather
A portion of the F-region, centered on the magnetic dip equator, in which electron densities are anomalously low with peaks at 15°–20° latitude on both sides. The equatorial trough appears during daytime and is absent at night. It is attributed to diffusion of ionospheric plasma down the magnetic field lines from the magnetic equator as the F-region rises in response to an eastward electric field generated by dynamo action in the lower ionosphere. One or more troughs in electron density are also found at high latitudes and are magnetically linked to the plasmapause located at a radial distance of several earth radii in the outer magnetosphere.
Industry:Weather
A plant requiring abundance of water to grow, common in marshes and wetlands.
Industry:Weather
A physical process for particle charging involving the collision of pairs of particles in an ambient electric field. Electric charge induced on the particle surfaces by the ambient electric field is made available for transfer when the two particles come into contact. Subsequent differential particle motions under gravity are postulated to result in large-scale charge separation. The specific role of specific charging in the electrification of thunderclouds has not been resolved.
Industry:Weather
A periodic motion in which the fluid inertia is balanced purely by the Coriolis force. Fluid parcel motions are typically horizontal and circular, with constant speed and a velocity vector that constantly veers to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The inertial period, the period of an inertial oscillation, is 2π/f, where f is the Coriolis parameter.
Industry:Weather
A period of warm climate during the Pleistocene (and earlier glacial epochs) during which continental glaciers retreated to minimum extent. Interglacials have been of approximately 10 000 years duration, spaced at approximately 100 000-year intervals over the last 1 000 000 years. The last 10 000 years, or postglacial, is generally considered to be an interglacial.
Industry:Weather
