- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A device that produces a narrow beam of electromagnetic energy by recirculating an internal beam many times through an amplifying medium, each time adding a small amount of energy to the recirculating beam in a phase-coherent manner. Typically the output beam results when a small amount of recirculating energy is allowed to leak out from the internal “cavity. ” These devices produce energy at light frequencies (which are higher than radio frequencies) in the infrared, visible, or ultraviolet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and hence they often use optical technologies.
Industry:Weather
A mapping of an integer value to another integer value. This is used in displaying images and represents a mapping of the pixel value in the image or picture to the value shown on the display device. See also color lookup table.
Industry:Weather
The level of neutral buoyancy for a saturated rising air parcel. If a cloudy air parcel is rising under its own buoyancy, then the parcel can rise to the altitude where the virtual potential temperatures of the parcel and environment are equal. Neglecting inertial overshoot, the LOC would mark the top of convective clouds. Compare lifting condensation level, level of free convection.
Industry:Weather
A condition under which matter emits radiation based on its intrinsic properties and its temperature, uninfluenced by the magnitude of any incident radiation. LTE occurs when the radiant energy absorbed by a molecule is distributed across other molecules by collisions before it is reradiated by emission. LTE is needed for Planck's law and Kirchhoff's law to apply, and is typically satisfied at atmospheric pressures higher than about 0. 05 mb. Laser radiation is an example of non-LTE emission.
Industry:Weather
A jet stream that is typically found in the lower 2–3 km of the troposphere. At night, sometimes called a nocturnal jet. Examples are the African jet and the Somali jet.
Industry:Weather
The level at which a parcel of moist air lifted dry-adiabatically would become saturated. On a thermodynamic diagram it is located at the point of intersection of the dry adiabat through the point representing the parcel's original pressure and temperature with the saturation mixing ratio line having the same value of the mixing ratio as the parcel. The pressure and temperature at the lifting condensation level are usually called the condensation pressure and condensation temperature, respectively, and the corresponding point on a thermodynamic diagram is called either the characteristic point, adiabatic saturation point, or adiabatic condensation point. See convective condensation level, conditional instability, saturation level.
Industry:Weather
An instrument designed to detect lightning from space as part of TRMM.
Industry:Weather
Experimental technique in which the absorption of laser radiation excites a molecule or atom to an excited energy level, followed by emission of radiation as the system relaxes. The technique has been particularly useful in facilitating the detection of highly reactive free radical species such as the hydroxyl radical (OH) in either laboratory systems or in field measurements.
Industry:Weather
The level at which a parcel of descending air becomes cooler than its surroundings. On a thermodynamic diagram the level of free sink is given by the point of intersection of the process curve representing the parcel's descent and the sounding curve representing the environment. The descent can be moist- or dry-adiabatic, depending on the availability of water substance to evaporate. From the level of free sink to the point where the parcel either reaches the surface or again becomes warmer than its surroundings represents a region of negative buoyancy and a descending parcel will be accelerated according to parcel theory. Compare level of free convection.
Industry:Weather
An adaptation of Shuman and Hovermale's (1968) hemispheric six-layer primitive equations numerical weather prediction model. It used a finer horizontal grid mesh (190. 5 km) to reduce truncation error and was integrated over a subhemispheric domain that permitted a shorter wait (1 h) for the acquisition of observational data. When combined with the use of model output statistics (MOS), the LFM provided a reliable and timely set of guidance products for operational weather forecasts in the United States from 1975 until 1993.
Industry:Weather
