- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A wind blowing from water onto land; the wind may be a result of heating differences between land and water or related to synoptic weather patterns.
Industry:Weather
At the interface between a turbulent boundary layer and a laminar boundary layer, laminar air is incorporated into the turbulent layer, but none of the turbulent air is incorporated into the laminar layer. This causes the turbulent layer to get thicker as it erodes the laminar layer. Such a process explains why turbulent boundary layers increase thickness (because laminar air from the free atmosphere and capping inversion are incorporated into the mixed layer) and why air pollutants are trapped in the mixed layer (because none of the turbulent mixed layer air can carry pollutants into the laminar air).
Industry:Weather
A mathematical model that simulates variations in chemical composition along one spatial coordinate, usually altitude, as a function of time. One-dimensional models are usually used to examine the effects of a change in chemistry on the vertical distribution of trace atmospheric constituents, for example, ozone, at a given latitude. The models are fairly cheap and easy to run, but do not represent atmospheric meridional or zonal transport of atmospheric constituents.
Industry:Weather
A description used by aircraft crews for flight conditions wherein the encountered flight weather alternately allows visual flight and requires instrument flight.
Industry:Weather
In aviation terminology, descriptive of in-flight weather conditions that allow the use of modified visual flight techniques at flight level, but below which level the clouds and/or obscuring phenomena necessitate instrument flight. Under certain limited conditions visual flight rules may be used while flying on top (VFR on top).
Industry:Weather
A higher-order closure for turbulence where forecast equations are retained for mean variables (e.g., first-order or first moment mean values of potential temperature and wind components), and for variance of selected variables (e.g., selected second statistical moments such as turbulence kinetic energy or potential temperature variance). It is not second-order closure because forecast equations are not retained for covariances, which are also second moments statistically. Any other higher-order statistics remaining in the equations are approximated by the mean and variance values. One type of one-and-a-half-order closure is ''k''-ε closure. Compare first-order closure, K-theory, second-order closure, nonlocal closure, Reynolds averaging, closure assumptions.
Industry:Weather
A two-image inferior mirage of the setting or rising sun in which the erect image of the solar disc, which forms the top of the omega, touches the inverted segment of the lower image, which forms the base of the omega. When the sun is even lower, all that is seen are two images of the upper segment of the sun floating back to back above the optical horizon and having an outline similar to that of an American football. The stage at which only two images of the upper rim are seen is one way in which the green flash is formed.
Industry:Weather
An instrument that indicates the presence of precipitation. The ombroscope consists of a heated, water-sensitive surface that indicates by mechanical or electrical techniques the occurrence of precipitation. The output of the instrument may be arranged to trip an alarm, to record on a time chart, to raise the top on a convertible automobile, etc.
Industry:Weather
1. (Also called micropluviometer, trace recorder. ) Specifically, a rain gauge capable of measuring very small amounts of precipitation. 2. Any rain gauge.
Industry:Weather
1. A band or wave on the surface of a valley glacier, stretching from side to side and arched in the direction of flow. 2. The graph of a cumulative frequency distribution.
Industry:Weather
