- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Any member of the class of rain gauges in which rain amount as a function of time is not automatically recorded. See eight-inch rain gauge.
Industry:Weather
A term emphasizing that the whole vertical profile of virtual potential temperature θ<sub>''v''</sub>, not just the the local vertical gradient ∂θ<sub>''v''</sub>/∂''z'', must be used when determining whether flow will become laminar or turbulent. See also static stability.
Industry:Weather
Collectively, all the hydrocarbons other than methane. Methane is fairly long-lived in the atmosphere and has a large and relatively constant mixing ratio in the troposphere. The other hydrocarbons have lifetimes factors of 30–30 000 times shorter than methane, thus showing much greater variability, and tend to have more localized sources. Since such sources are often anthropogenic in nature, the total concentration of NMHCs is often used as a measure of the degree of pollution of an air mass.
Industry:Weather
The vertical movement and intermingling of fluid from all possible source locations (neighboring and nonneighboring), to produce a mixture at some other location. The fraction of air mixing into each destination height index ''I'' from any source height ''j'' is given by a transilient matrix ''c<sub>ij</sub>''. The resulting state of the mixture is given by transilient turbulence theory. See nonlocal flux.
Industry:Weather
A method of approximating unknown turbulence quantities, such as covariances, by sums or integrals (over the whole domain of turbulence) of known quantities. This mimics the effects of a spectrum of eddy sizes causing mixing from various distances. Examples are transilient turbulence theory and spectral diffusivity theory. See nonlocal flux, nonlocal mixing.
Industry:Weather
The nonlinear dependence of seawater density on temperature, salinity, and pressure in the equation of state.
Industry:Weather
The instability of a physical or mathematical system that arises from the nonlinear nature of relevant variables and their interactions within the system.
Industry:Weather
An atmospheric model in which the hydrostatic approximation is not made, so that the vertical momentum equation is solved. This allows nonhydrostatic models to be used successfully for horizontal scales of the order of 100 m, resolving small-scale mesoscale circulations such as cumulus convection and sea-breeze circulations. In recent years, computer power has made mesoscale weather prediction with nonhydrostatic models feasible, and several such models are in routine use by major meteorological modeling groups and operational centers. See hydrostatic model.
Industry:Weather
A charging mechanism whereby the electric field increase is independent of the existing electric field.
Industry:Weather
