- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
- Number of blossaries: 0
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The region lying between the troposphere and the thermosphere, comprising the stratosphere and the mesosphere.
Industry:Weather
An instrument that measures the refractive index of air by determining changes in humidity. The refractive index of the moist air is measured either by measuring its dielectric constant using special capacitors or by measuring frequency shifts. For the latter method a measuring cell containing the moist air is compared with a reference cell containing dry air or an inert reference gas. The frequencies used are about 10 GHz, which corresponds to a wavelength of about 30 cm.
Industry:Weather
A type of radar that employs microwave scatterometers deployed aboard aircraft and satellites that can compute wind speed using algorithms relating the wind speed to the backscattering cross section. See also Doppler radar, marine radar, synthetic aperture radar, high-frequency radar.
Industry:Weather
Sensing electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between approximately 1 mm and 1 m. The Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and the Special Sensing Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) are examples of systems that utilize microwave probing.
Industry:Weather
Electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between approximately 1 mm and 1 m (corresponding to 0. 3- and 300-GHz frequency) bounded on the short-wavelength side by far infrared (< 1 mm) and on the long-wavelength side by very high frequency radio waves (> 1 m). Passive systems operating at these wavelengths are sometimes called passive microwave systems. Active systems operating at these wavelengths are called radar, although the definition of radar requires a capability to measure distance that is not always included in active microwave systems. The limits of the microwave region are not precisely fixed.
Industry:Weather
A type of climate characterized by low annual mean temperatures (between 0° and 14°C), that is, a region of genuine winter emphasized by the usual snow mantle, and a true, although many times short, summer to produce a characteristic annual climate cycle. This is a (D) climate under the Köppen classification (1931) and, as defined by Thornthwaite's climatic classification scheme (1948), this is a climate with annual potential evapotranspiration between 14 and 43 cm. Compare megathermal climate, mesothermal climate.
Industry:Weather
Minute pressure variation identifiable only with ultrasensitive equipment.
Industry:Weather
A thin, flat, printed circuit board antenna. The radiating elements of the antenna are conducting strips or patches printed on the upper surface of a thin dielectric substrate that is backed by a conducting ground plate. This type of antenna has been used in wind profilers (particularly boundary layer radars) operating in the UHF radar band.
Industry:Weather
Small-scale structure in the fields of temperature, salinity, density, and/or velocity. The term microstructure refers in the ocean to structures of vertical scale smaller than 10 m, usually associated with overturning motions and diapycnal mixing events.
Industry:Weather
Atmospheric motions with Lagrangian Rossby numbers greater than 200 or spatial scales 2 km or less.
Industry:Weather
