- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A chlorine-containing organic compound, formula CH<sub>3</sub>CCl<sub>3</sub>. It is used in industrial applications as a solvent and a degreasing agent. The production of this compound is now forbidden as a result of the Montreal Protocol. Because its sources to the atmosphere (anthropogenic activity) and its losses (mostly through reaction with the hydroxyl radical) are well understood, the atmospheric abundance of this compound has been used to infer the average hydroxyl concentration in the troposphere.
Industry:Weather
The solution of an equation or a set of simultaneous equations by proceeding from an initial approximation to a series of repeated trial solutions, each depending upon the immediately preceding approximation, in such a manner that the discrepancy between the newest estimated solution and the true solution is systematically reduced. Newton's method for determining the roots of an algebraic equation is an example of the method of successive approximations. For partial differential equations, the relaxation method is a widely applied example of the method of successive approximations.
Industry:Weather
The most abundant single halocarbon, formula CH<sub>3</sub>Cl, found in the atmosphere, with a mixing ratio of about 600 parts per trillion (by volume) in the troposphere. This compound is mostly of natural origin, as a result of production in the oceans. It provides the natural background amount of chlorine that was believed to be present in the preindustrial stratosphere and that will likely be present in the future following the phaseout of other chlorine source compounds (chlorofluorocarbons, etc. ).
Industry:Weather
An organic compound, formula CH<sub>3</sub>Br, present in the atmosphere as the result of both natural (oceanic production) and anthropogenic (use as a soil fumigant) sources; this compound is the largest single source of bromine to the stratosphere, with a tropospheric mixing ratio of about 10 parts per trillion (by volume).
Industry:Weather
Analytical technique for solving potential problems by superposition of solutions of individual sources and sinks. Commonly, one image is placed opposite a second one, with each having equal magnitude and being equally spaced from a boundary plane.
Industry:Weather
The linearization of the appropriate equations governing a system by the assumption of a steady state, with departures from that steady state limited to small perturbations. See linearized differential equation.
Industry:Weather
The ionized trail left by a meteor or meteoritic particle entering the atmosphere; a part of the composite phenomenon known as a meteor. Radar measurements of the drift of meteor trails are used to infer wind motions in the upper mesosphere.
Industry:Weather
Unsaturated aldehyde, 2-formyl propene, formed in the atmospheric oxidation of isoprene in about 30 percent yield.
Industry:Weather
Colorless, inflammable gas of formula CH<sub>4</sub>; the simplest hydrocarbon. Methane enters the atmosphere as a result of the anaerobic decay of organic matter in, for example, swamps and rice paddies, and is also produced in large quantities by cattle and termites. It is formed along with coal and oil in fossil fuel deposits, and released to the atmosphere on mining. Methane is itself burned as a fuel, being the major constituent of natural gas. The atmospheric mixing ratio of methane is currently about 1. 7 parts per million and has been rising gradually since the industrial era began. The atmospheric lifetime of methane is about eight years. As well as influencing the chemistry of the atmosphere, methane is a strong greenhouse gas and an important source of stratospheric water vapor, and it contributes to global warming.
Industry:Weather
A method of solving systems of nonlinear differential equations by constructing the characteristics for the equations over the region of known initial data and proceeding along these lines to determine the solutions for later times or for new regions of space. This method has been used successfully in the study of gas flows and has been applied to the meteorological problem of one-dimensional unsteady flow of air under an inversion surface.
Industry:Weather
