- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The process by which temperature decreases due to an excess of emitted radiation over absorbed radiation.
Industry:Weather
The process by which temperature increases due to an excess of absorbed radiation over emitted radiation.
Industry:Weather
The process by which the direction of a wave crest changes due to different propagation speeds along the wave crest. In shallow water, refraction causes the crests of surface waves to bend towards the direction of the bottom contours. Also, currents can cause refraction.
Industry:Weather
The process by which a single convective cell splits into two supercells, one dominated by cyclonic rotation and the other by anticyclonic rotation, their paths then deviating substantially from each other and other nearby convective cells. Splitting storms require strong environmental vertical wind shear, with unidirectional vertical wind shear promoting the development of mirror-image supercells, and clockwise or counterclockwise hodograph curvature in the lowest few kilometers above ground level promoting the preferred development of a cyclonic or anticyclonic supercell, respectively. The cyclonic supercell is often observed to propagate to the right of the mean wind (in the Northern Hemisphere), while the anticyclonic supercell propagates to the left of the mean wind.
Industry:Weather
The process by which a positive and a negative ion join to form a neutral molecule or other neutral particle. In the literature of atmospheric electricity this term is applied both to the simple case of capture of free electrons by positive atomic or molecular ions, and to the more complex case of neutralization of a positive small ion by a negative small ion or a similar (but much rarer) neutralization of large ions. Recombination is, in general, a process accompanied by emission of radiation. The light emitted from the channel of a lightning stroke is recombination radiation. The much less concentrated recombinations steadily occurring in all parts of the atmosphere where ions are forming and disappearing do not yield observable radiation. The intermediate case of glow discharge may be thought of as the most diffuse case of visibly detectable recombination. The rate at which electrons, small ions, and large ions recombine is a function of their respective mobilities and of their concentrations. The former dependence is expressed in terms of the recombination coefficient of the particular ion type. See'' also'' airglow, aurora.
Industry:Weather
The process by which a chemical species undergoes a chemical change as the result of the absorption of a photon of light energy. See'' also'' photodecomposition, photochemical reaction, photooxidation.
Industry:Weather
The procedure of using a reference waveform in a radar receiver that is exactly synchronized with the carrier frequency. Specifically, a coherent local oscillator provides a reference signal that is mixed with the incoming signals to recover the amplitudes and phases of the echoes.
Industry:Weather
The procedure of continuously pointing a radar beam at a particular object or in a particular direction.
Industry:Weather
The principal, and usually original, front in any frontal system in which secondary fronts are found.
Industry:Weather
