- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The point in an orbit at which any orbiting object, for example, planet, moon, artificial satellite, is closest to the attracting body; the opposite of apogee. Compare perihelion.
Industry:Weather
The plane of the great circle on the celestial plane that is the apparent annual path of the sun around the earth.
Industry:Weather
The physics and mathematics of how radiation passes through a medium that may contain any combination of scatterers, absorbers, and emitters. In meteorology, the study of radiative transfer dates back at least to Lord Rayleigh's investigations in 1871 on the nature of scattering by air molecules. Since that time, sophisticated mathematical solutions to radiative transfer have been developed, especially for one-dimensional monochromatic problems. The more general problem of solving broadband radiative transfer in three-dimensional cloudy atmospheres requires a computational solution.
Industry:Weather
The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water with respect to its suitability for a particular use.
Industry:Weather
The orbit in which an equatorial satellite revolves around the earth at the same rate as the earth rotates on its axis. As a result, viewed from a point on the earth's surface, the satellite appears to be stationary.
Industry:Weather
The period from 2 500 000 to 10 000 years ago, during which continental glaciers periodically expanded to cover subpolar regions in both hemispheres.
Industry:Weather
The Pearson product-moment coefficient of linear correlation between two variables that are respectively the values of the same variables at corresponding locations on two different maps. The two different maps can be for different times, for different levels in the vertical direction, for forecast and observed values, etc. Occasionally referred to as map correlation. See anomaly correlation, a special case of pattern correlation.
Industry:Weather
The ordinary derivative of a function of two or more variables with respect to one of the variables, the others being considered constants. If the variables are ''x'' and ''y'', the partial derivatives of ''F''(''x'', ''y'') are written ∂''f''/∂''x'' and ∂''f''/∂''y'', or ''D<sub><sub>x</sub></sub>f'' and ''D<sub><sub>y</sub></sub>f'', or ''f<sub><sub>x</sub></sub>'' and ''f<sub><sub>y</sub></sub>''. The partial derivative of a variable with respect to time is known as the local derivative.
Industry:Weather
The observed temperature at which the charge transferred to riming graupel particles during collisions with ice crystals in thunderstorms reverses sign. The reversal temperature is affected by the cloud liquid water content such that graupel charges positively (negatively) at high (low) liquid water contents and temperatures above (below) the reversal temperature. The process can account for the positive charging of ice crystals carried to the top of the clouds, for the negative charge region typically at temperatures between −10° and −20°C, and for the lower positive charge center.
Industry:Weather
