- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The collective ground and flight equipment, along with computer software, necessary to make a radiosonde flight, collect and process its data, and transmit the associated upper-air radiosonde message.
Industry:Weather
The combination of radar system parameters and physical constants appearing in the radar equation that determines the proportionality factor between the reflectivity of a radar target at a given range and the power measured at the receiving antenna. These parameters include peak power, antenna gain or aperture, beamwidth, pulse duration, and wavelength. See radar equation.
Industry:Weather
The comparison of hydrological measurements (principally average rain rate or total precipitation accumulation over an interval) made with one or more meteorological radars with measurements made over the same spatial and temporal interval by in situ instruments. Such comparisons are usually made to calibrate the radar measurements, though sampling problems (spatial inhomogeneity of precipitation, sparseness of the rain gauge network, and the vertical profile of radar reflectivity) are formidable.
Industry:Weather
The combination of records from several sites so as to obtain a single long record (with a length the sum of the lengths of the individual records). The composite record is used to obtain an average frequency distribution describing the phenomena at sites in the region. See'' also'' regional analysis.
Industry:Weather
The change of phase of water from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase.
Industry:Weather
The character of the seasonal distribution of rainfall at any place. The chief rainfall regimes, as defined by W. G. Kendrew (1961), are equatorial, tropical, monsoonal, oceanic and continental westerlies, and Mediterranean.
Industry:Weather
The average forecast wind component parallel to the flight path at flight level for an entire route. Route component is positive if helping (tailwind) and negative if retarding (headwind).
Industry:Weather
The collection of satellite imagery from geostationary satellites over limited geographical areas with unusually short time intervals between images, sometimes as little as one minute. See rapid interval scan.
Industry:Weather
The climate of the last 2 500 000 years, including the alternating glacial– interglacial climate of the Pleistocene and the comparatively warm climate of the Holocene or postglacial (the last 10 000 years).
Industry:Weather
The climate from about 2 500 000 to 10 000 years ago, differing from earlier (Pliocene) climate in being generally colder and with greater extremes of glacial (cold) to interglacial (warm) climate. Characterized in the last 875 000 years by repeated glacials, each lasting approximately 110 000 years, punctuated by interglacials lasting 10 000 to 15 000 years. Before that, the predominant periodicity was 41 000 years rather than 110 000 years. The distribution of continents and oceans has been relatively stable during the Pleistocene, but the oscillation between glacials and interglacials has been characterized by major changes in atmospheric concentrations of optically active gases such as carbon dioxide and methane (higher in interglacials), and global changes in sea level (lower in glacials) associated with changes in the volume of ice on land (lower in interglacials). Changes in the amount, and the seasonal and latitudinal distribution, of insolation resulting from the evolving characteristics of the earth's orbit around the sun play a major role as the pacemaker of these changes. See Milankovitch theory.
Industry:Weather
