- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Pollutants released directly into the atmosphere, such as hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, or nitric oxide.
Industry:Weather
Pollutants that are formed in the atmosphere as a result of chemical reactions. Secondary pollutants are often photochemical oxidants such as ozone or nitrogen dioxide, or components of acid rain such as sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
Industry:Weather
Pollutants that have been emitted from all sources in a region and have had time to mix, diffuse from their peak concentration, and undergo physical, chemical, and photochemical reactions. The size of a region is indeterminate, but usually incorporates one or more cities, and is on the order of 100 to 10 000 km<sup>2</sup>.
Industry:Weather
Physical law relating the change in vapor pressure of a liquid to the amount of solute dissolved in it. The law states that ''P''<sub>0</sub> − ''P'' = ''P''<sub>0</sub>''x<sub>i</sub>'', where ''x<sub>i</sub>'' is the mole fraction of the dissolved solute. The quantity ''P''<sub>0</sub> − ''P'' is sometimes referred to as the vapor tension of the solution. Consequences of Raoult's law are the so-called colligative properties of solutions, that is, the depression of freezing and melting points of solutions relative to those of the pure solvent and osmotic pressure. Raoult's law is observed in everyday situations every winter when we put salt on sidewalks to melt the ice. This is simply a depression of the melting point associated with the dissolution of salt in water.
Industry:Weather
Permanent or semipermanent masses of ice, formed by the accumulation of drifted snow in the lee of projections or in depressions of the ground.
Industry:Weather
Pertaining to or characterizing random phenomena, or referring to statistics.
Industry:Weather
Periods of time when the relative sunspot number is low. These periods of time occur approximately every 11 years and represent the minimum in the sunspot cycle. There have been prolonged periods of very low sunspot activity from AD 1100 to 1250, from 1460 to 1550, and from 1645 to 1715. The last period is usually called the “Maunder minimum” after E. W. Maunder, the British astronomer who, along with Gustav Sporer of Germany, first called attention to it. The Maunder minimum coincides very closely with the coldest part of the Little Ice Age. See also solar cycle.
Industry:Weather
Periods of time when the relative sunspot number is high. These periods of time occur approximately every 11 years and represent the maximum in the sunspot cycle. See'' also'' solar cycle; Compare sunspot minimum.
Industry:Weather
