- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A wind gust that results in an instantaneous change in direction or speed. See effective gust velocity, derived gust velocity.
Industry:Weather
A wind of greater speed than the gradient wind required by the existing pressure gradient and centrifugal force.
Industry:Weather
A wind coming from the sea, often bringing mist. The use of this term is limited mainly to New England. See back-door cold front.
Industry:Weather
A white, opaque coating of fine rime deposited chiefly on vertical surfaces, especially on points and edges of objects, generally in supercooled fog. On the windward side, soft rime may grow to very thick layers, long feathery cones, or needles pointing into the wind and having a structure similar to that of frost.
Industry:Weather
A white or milky and opaque granular deposit of ice formed by the rapid freezing of supercooled water drops as they impinge upon an exposed object. It is denser and harder than hoarfrost, but lighter, softer, and less transparent than glaze. Rime is composed essentially of discrete ice granules and has densities as low as 0. 2–0. 3 g cm<sup>−3</sup>. Glaze is generally continuous but with some air pockets and has much higher densities. Factors that favor rime formation are small drop size, slow accretion, a high degree of supercooling, and rapid dissipation of latent heat of fusion. The opposite effects favor glaze formation. Both rime and glaze occur when supercooled water drops strike an object at a temperature below freezing. Such formation on terrestrial objects constitutes an ice storm; on aircraft, it is called aircraft icing (where rime is known as rime ice). Either rime or glaze may form on snow crystals, droxtals, or other ice particles in the atmosphere. When such a deposit is wholly or chiefly of rime, snow pellets result; when most or all of the deposit is glaze, ordinary hail or ice pellets result. The alternating clear and opaque layers of some hailstones represent glaze and rime, deposited under varying conditions around the growing hailstone. See'' also'' hard rime, soft rime.
Industry:Weather
A white disk, 30 cm (12 in. ) or more in diameter, that is lowered into the sea to estimate transparency of the water. The depths are noted at which it first disappears when lowered and reappears when raised. See Forel scale.
Industry:Weather
A well in which the screened portion through which the water enters the well does not penetrate the full thickness of the formation.
Industry:Weather
A west wind on the Côte d'Azur (French Mediterranean coast), the northern Roussillon region, and Corsica. On the Côte d'Azur it is a weakened mistral and brings clear skies. In northern Roussillon it is the land breeze of early morning, changing to southeast during the day, and generally preceding the tramontana. Compare poniente.
Industry:Weather
A waveform that increases linearly with time for a fixed interval, returns abruptly to the original level, and repeats the process periodically, producing a shape resembling the teeth of a saw.
Industry:Weather
A waveform that increases suddenly from a base level to another level, remains at that level for a certain time interval, then abruptly returns to the base level for the same or a different time interval, and repeats this behavior periodically. The modulating waveform of a pulsed radar approximates a square wave.
Industry:Weather
