- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Ice, on a body of water, that remains as an unbroken surface when the water level drops so that a cavity is formed between the water surface and the ice.
Industry:Weather
An accessory cloud of small horizontal extent, often cirriform, in the form of a cap, hood, or scarf, which occurs above or attached to the top of a cumulus or cumulonimbus (less often stratocumulus) cloud that often pierces it. Sometimes several pileus clouds are observed above each other. Pileus is formed as a moist layer locally lifted due to rising cloud below. See cloud classification.
Industry:Weather
The character and amount of atmospheric pressure change during a specified period of time, often a three-hour period preceding an observation. Pressure tendency is composed of two parts, the pressure change and the pressure characteristic. The pressure change is the net difference between pressure readings at the beginning and ending of a specified interval of time. The pressure characteristic is an indication of how the pressure has been changing during that specified period of time, for example, decreasing then increasing, or increasing and then increasing more rapidly. See tendency.
Industry:Weather
The character and amount of atmospheric pressure change during a specified period of time, often a three-hour period preceding an observation. Pressure tendency is composed of two parts, the pressure change and the pressure characteristic. The pressure change is the net difference between pressure readings at the beginning and ending of a specified interval of time. The pressure characteristic is an indication of how the pressure has been changing during that specified period of time, for example, decreasing then increasing, or increasing and then increasing more rapidly. See tendency.
Industry:Weather
Blackening of ship's paint by hydrogen sulfide from decaying marine organisms, especially during El Niño.
Industry:Weather
An aneroid barometer calibrated to convert atmospheric pressure into altitude. Altimeters use standard atmosphere pressure–height relations in converting pressure into altitude. Therefore, the altimeter shows indicated altitude, which may, and frequently does, differ from the actual altitude. An altimeter may be set to measure altitude from an arbitrarily chosen level. It is common practice to use mean sea level; the level of the constant-pressure surface of 29. 92 in. Of mercury is also used; and, less frequently, the constant-pressure surface of the pressure at airport height. See altimeter setting, pressure altitude.
Industry:Weather
An aneroid barometer calibrated to convert atmospheric pressure into altitude. Altimeters use standard atmosphere pressure–height relations in converting pressure into altitude. Therefore, the altimeter shows indicated altitude, which may, and frequently does, differ from the actual altitude. An altimeter may be set to measure altitude from an arbitrarily chosen level. It is common practice to use mean sea level; the level of the constant-pressure surface of 29. 92 in. Of mercury is also used; and, less frequently, the constant-pressure surface of the pressure at airport height. See altimeter setting, pressure altitude.
Industry:Weather
A strong wind of monsoon origin that blows from between the northwest and north-northwest and sets in about the end of May or early June in the historic Seistan district of eastern Iran and Afghanistan. It continues almost without cessation until about the end of September. From its duration it is known as the wind of 120 days (bad-i-sad-o-bistroz). It sometimes reaches a velocity of more than 31 m s<sup>−1</sup> (70 mph) and carries much sand and dust. This sand blast is very erosive; buildings are eaten away and undercut near the ground. In some places the sand is deposited as wandering dunes, which overwhelm buildings and choke water supplies. All buildings in the region have blank walls on the windward side. The seistan is associated (along with the European etesians, and the shamal) with the deep summertime low over northwest India.
Industry:Weather
The northwest wind in the lower valley of the Tigris and Euphrates and the Persian Gulf. It may set in suddenly at any time, and generally lasts from one to five days, dying down at night and freshening again by day; however, in June and early July it continues almost without cessation (the “great” or “forty-day” shamal). Although the wind rarely exceeds 13 m s<sup>−1</sup> (30 mph), it is very hot, dry, and dusty. The sky is cloudless but the haze is often so thick as to obscure the land, making navigation dangerous.
Industry:Weather
A strong wind of monsoon origin that blows from between the northwest and north-northwest and sets in about the end of May or early June in the historic Seistan district of eastern Iran and Afghanistan. It continues almost without cessation until about the end of September. From its duration it is known as the wind of 120 days (bad-i-sad-o-bistroz). It sometimes reaches a velocity of more than 31 m s<sup>−1</sup> (70 mph) and carries much sand and dust. This sand blast is very erosive; buildings are eaten away and undercut near the ground. In some places the sand is deposited as wandering dunes, which overwhelm buildings and choke water supplies. All buildings in the region have blank walls on the windward side. The seistan is associated (along with the European etesians, and the shamal) with the deep summertime low over northwest India.
Industry:Weather
