- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A phrase used in physics to indicate a temperature of 0°C and a pressure of one standard atmosphere.
Industry:Weather
A prolonged period of fading of radio communications that occurs naturally in the polar regions. An arctic blackout may last for days during periods of intense auroral activity.
Industry:Weather
In remote areas of the western United States, SNOTEL sites, comprising a snow pillow, a shielded standpipe storage precipitation gauge, and a radio transmitter, are used to telemeter precipitation data to a satellite.
Industry:Weather
A diagram showing the intensity of the radiation field in all directions from a transmitting radio or radar antenna at a given distance from the antenna. It usually refers to the geometrical solid in space that encompasses all of the lobes of the antenna. For a receiving antenna, it is the response of the antenna to a signal having unit field strength and arriving from all directions. The transmitting and receiving radiation patterns for a single antenna are identical. Two types of radiation patterns should be distinguished: 1) the free space radiation pattern that is the complete lobe pattern of the antenna and is a function of the wavelength, feed system, and reflector characteristics; and 2) the field radiation pattern that differs primarily from the free space pattern by the formation of interference lobes whenever direct and reflected wavetrains interfere with each other, as is found in most surface-based radars. The envelope of these interference lobes has the same shape, but, for a perfectly reflecting surface, it has up to twice the amplitude of the free-space radiation pattern.
Industry:Weather
Same as steam fog, but often specifically applied to steam fog rising from small areas of open water within sea ice in the Arctic or Antarctic region.
Industry:Weather
A multispectral ocean color sensor developed by NASA and carried on the ''SeaStar'' satellite. The scanner produces imagery from six visible and two near-infrared spectral bands optimized for the study of ocean color.
Industry:Weather
An evaluation of pressure, temperature, and relative humidity data received from a balloon-borne radiosonde. The processed data are usually presented in terms of geopotential height, temperature, and dewpoint at mandatory and significant pressure levels. If the position of the radiosonde is measured to determine winds aloft, then the observation is called a rawinsonde observation.
Industry:Weather
The smallest element (spectral or spatial) sensed by a satellite sensor. A pixel generally appears as a rectangle with a uniform shade or color. A row of pixels forms a scan line, and a series of scan lines forms an image.
Industry:Weather
Technology developed during World War II when it was discovered that there was a “channel” in the deep ocean within which the acoustic energy from a small explosive charge (deployed in the water by a downed aviator, for example) could transmit over long distances. An array of hydrophones could be used to range on and roughly locate the source of the charge thereby allowing rescue of downed pilots far out to sea. This “channeling” of sound occurs because there is a minimum in the vertical sound speed profile in the ocean caused by changes in the density of the water column. The density is affected by water temperature, pressure (depth), and salinity. Changes in the speed of sound in the water are largely due to changes in temperature and pressure, with salinity offering only a minor effect. See'' also'' RAFOS technology.
Industry:Weather
A core project of the International Geosphere–Biosphere Program of the International Council of Scientific Unions that is focused on two temporal streams - the last 2000 years studied at interannual to interdecadal resolution; and the longer timescale of the cycles of glaciation/deglaciation.
Industry:Weather
