- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The preferred system for measuring most quantities in scientific disciplines.
Industry:Weather
The basis for dimensional analysis. The theorem states that an equation for a physical system that can be written ''f''(''Q''<sub>1</sub>, ''Q''<sub>2</sub>,. . . , ''Q<sub>m</sub>'') = 0 can also be written as ''g''(''π''<sub>1</sub>, ''π''<sub>2</sub>,. . . , ''π<sub>m'' − ''n</sub>'') = 0 where ''Q<sub>i</sub>'' are ''m'' dimensional parameters, numbers, and variables; π''<sub>i</sub>'' are ''m'' − ''n'' nondimensional quantities; and ''n'' is the number of fundamental dimensional units.
Industry:Weather
The use of the hydrostatic equation as the vertical equation of motion, thus implying that the vertical accelerations are small without constraining them to be zero. This compromise takes advantage of the smallness of organized vertical accelerations in cyclonic- scale motions while allowing theoretically for a realistic distribution of vertical velocities, which may be computed from the other equations of a closed system. Dynamically, the effect of the quasi-hydrostatic approximation is to eliminate or filter out the higher frequencies, corresponding to sound waves and certain (but not all) gravity waves, from the fundamental equations, while retaining the frequencies corresponding to cyclonic-scale motions. Combined often with the quasigeostrophic approximation, this assumption is much used in theoretical work associated with numerical forecasting. An example of phenomena to which it is inapplicable is the lee wave. For the discussion of this and other types of gravity waves, it is common to assume hydrostatic equilibrium in the basic flow but not in the perturbation. See filtering approximations.
Industry:Weather
A positively charged subatomic particle with the same mass and charge magnitude as that of the electron. The electron's antiparticle, the positron was first observed in 1932 in cosmic rays by Carl Anderson using a Wilson cloud chamber.
Industry:Weather
The 3 × 3 array of coefficients representing the deformation of a nonrigid body subjected to stress.
Industry:Weather
The change with time in the concentration of a reactant or product involved in a chemical reaction. The rate of the reaction is given by the product of the rate coefficient for the particular reaction and the concentrations of the reactants.
Industry:Weather
The angle between any given ray of scattered radiation and the incident ray. Convention varies as to whether this angle is measured with respect to the direction in which the incident radiation was advancing or with respect to the direction from scatterer to radiation source. See scattering.
Industry:Weather
