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The name given to the labels that describe various characteristics of elementary particles, atoms and molecules. Examples include the charge and spin of a particle.
Industry:Physics
One of the fundamental constituents of matter. These particles posses spin ?. They come in six flavors: up (u), down (d), strange (s), charm (c), bottom (b), and top (t). Only the up and down quarks are commonly found outside of accelerators. Protons and neutrons are composed of up and down quarks.
Industry:Physics
A number that labels the intrinsic angular momentum of a particle, essentially how much the particle rotates around its axis. This number can only take on discrete values. Particles with different spins will interact in different ways. Electrons have spin ?, while photons have spin one.
Industry:Physics
A theory that seeks to incorporate a quantum theory of gravity into the Standard Model. In this theory, the fundamental constituents of matter are not particles, but strings. The particles that are observed are manifestations of the vibrations of fundamental strings.
Industry:Physics
When a star exhausts its nuclear fuel, it under goes a catastrophic collapse. The resulting explosion is known as a supernova. It often is brighter than an entire galaxy.
Industry:Physics
Supersymmetry predicts the existence of superpartners of the Standard Model particles. These new types of particles, the superparticles, would represent a new quantum dimension.
Industry:Physics
A hypothetical symmetry relating particles of different spins. Under this symmetry, matter particles (spin one-half fermions) are related to force particles (spin-zero or spin-one bosons).
Industry:Physics
Astronomical measurements indicate that luminous matter, such as our sun, makes up only a small percentage of the total matter in the universe. The missing mass that makes up the remainder is known as dark matter.
Industry:Physics
