- 行业: Agriculture
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Established in October 1945 with the objective of eliminating hunger and improving nutrition and standards of living by increasing agricultural productivity, FAO coordinates the efforts of governments and technical agencies in programs for developing agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and land and ...
Procedures for determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment. There are two common methods for doing this:
• the Maxam and Gilbert technique (chemical degradation), that uses different chemicals to break the DNA into fragments at specific bases; or
• the Sanger technique (called the di-deoxy or chain-terminating method) uses DNA polymerase to make new DNA chains, with di-deoxy nucleotides (chain terminators) to stop the chain randomly as it grows.
In both cases, the DNA fragments are separated according to length by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, enabling the sequence to be read directly from the gel.
Industry:Biotechnology
Process by which undifferentiated cells in an embryo become committed to develop into specific cell types, such as neurons, fibroblasts or muscle cells.
Industry:Biotechnology
Process of sterilizing a liquid by passage through a filter with pores so small that they prevent the passage of micro-organisms and microbial spores.
Industry:Biotechnology
Process through which RNA is formed along a DNA template. The enzyme RNA polymerase catalyses the formation of RNA from ribonucleoside triphosphates.
Industry:Biotechnology
Producing similar gametes with regard to the sex chromosomes. In mammals, the XY male is heterogametic, and the XX female is homogametic.
Industry:Biotechnology
Producing unlike gametes with regard to the sex chromosomes. In mammals, the XY male is heterogametic, and the XX female is homogametic.
Industry:Biotechnology
Production of both electricity and process heat (steam) in an industrial plant.
Industry:Biotechnology
Propagation in culture using protocols and media which promote axillary (lateral shoot) growth. This is a technique for mass production (micropropagation) of plantlets in culture, achieved primarily through hormonal inhibition of apical dominance and stimulation of lateral branching.
Industry:Biotechnology
Protective sheath covering the shoot apex of the embryo in monocotyledenous plants. It protects the plumule as it emerges through the soil.
Industry:Biotechnology
