- 行业: Agriculture
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Established in October 1945 with the objective of eliminating hunger and improving nutrition and standards of living by increasing agricultural productivity, FAO coordinates the efforts of governments and technical agencies in programs for developing agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and land and ...
The segment of DNA in the Ti plasmid of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> that is transferred to plant cells and inserted into the chromosomes of the plant.
Industry:Biotechnology
The selective production of multiple gene copies without a proportional increase in others.
Industry:Biotechnology
The separation of sperm into those bearing an X chromosome and those bearing a Y chromosome, in order to be able to produce, via artificial insemination or <i>in vitro</i> fertilization, animals of a specified sex. Achieved by means of inactivation of X-bearing or Y-bearing sperm via antibodies directed against sex-specific peptides on the surface of sperm cells, or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) (q.v.), in which sperm that have been pre-treated with a fluorescent dye that binds to DNA are separated according to the quantity of fluorescence detected by a laser beam, based on the principle that X-bearing sperm contain more DNA than Y-bearing sperm.
Industry:Biotechnology
The separation of the two members of a chromosome pair from each other at meiosis; the result is seen as the separation of alleles from each other in the gametes of heterozygotes; the occurrence of different phenotypes among offspring, resulting from chromosome or allele separation in their heterozygous parents. Mendel's first principle of inheritance (the Law of Segregation) predicts that heterozygotes will produce equal numbers of gametes containing each allele.
Industry:Biotechnology
The sequence of events whereby embryos develop from somatic cells. a.k.a. somatic cell embryogenesis.
Industry:Biotechnology
The series of cell divisions in the testis by which maturation of the gametes (sperm) of the male takes place.
Industry:Biotechnology
The set of three nucleotides in an mRNA molecule with which the ribosome starts the process of translation. The start codon sets the reading frame for translation. The most commonly used start codon is AUG, which is decoded as methionine in eukaryotes and as <i>N</i>-formylmethionine in prokaryotes. AUG appears to be the only start codon used by eukaryotes, while in bacteria, GUG (valine) may sometimes be employed.
Industry:Biotechnology
The set of three nucleotides in an mRNA molecule with which the ribosome starts the process of translation. The start codon sets the reading frame for translation. The most commonly used start codon is AUG, which is decoded as methionine in eukaryotes and as <i>N</i>-formylmethionine in prokaryotes. AUG appears to be the only start codon used by eukaryotes, while in bacteria, GUG (valine) may sometimes be employed.
Industry:Biotechnology
The simultaneous growth of two micro-organisms in one bioreaction.
Industry:Biotechnology
The single-stranded DNA molecule that is present in the infective form of bacteriophage M13.
Industry:Biotechnology
