- 行业: Government; Health care
- Number of terms: 6957
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of 11 agencies that compose the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The NCI, established under the National Cancer Institute Act of 1937, is the Federal Government's principal agency for ...
A preparation of autologous lymphocytes with potential immunopotentiating and antineoplastic activities. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are CD3-and CD56-positive, non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted, natural killer (NK)-like T lymphocytes, generated ex-vivo by incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-1, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and then expanded. When reintroduced back to patients after autologous stem cell transplantation, CIK cells may recognize and kill tumor cells associated with minimal residual disease (MRD). CIK cells may have enhanced cytotoxic activity compared to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A preparation of autologous human T-lymphocytes isolated from renal cell cancer (RCC) patient and transduced with 2G-1 TCR, a retroviral vector encoding the alpha and beta chains of a T-cell receptor that recognizes TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) bound to death receptor 4 (DR4), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. After transduction, expansion in culture, and introduction into the RCC patient, 2G-1 TCR retroviral vector-transduced lymphocytes may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against RCC cells with TRAIL bound to DR4 on their surfaces. TRAIL, a member of the TNF superfamily, is a homotrimeric type II membrane protein that rapidly induces oligomerization of receptor intracellular death domains and apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells when bound to its receptors; DR4 (TRAIL receptor 1), a member of the TNF receptor family, is overexpressed by a variety of malignant cell types.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A preparation of autologous CD8+ (cytotoxic) T-lymphocytes sensitized to cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 antigen with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Autologous CD8+ T-lymphocytes, isolated from a melanoma patient, are exposed to an NY-ESO-1 peptide ex vivo, expanded, and reintroduced into the patient; these tumor-reactive T-cells may stimulate a host immune response against tumor cells expressing the NY-ESO-1 antigen, resulting in tumor cell lysis. NY-ESO-1, an antigen found in normal testis, may be upregulated in various cancers, including bladder, breast, hepatocellular, melanoma, and prostate cancers.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A preparation of autologous CD8+ (cytotoxic) human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) sensitized to Drosophila cell-presented melanoma peptides, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Autologous CD8+ T-lymphocytes, isolated from a melanoma patient, are exposed in vitro to melanoma peptide-pulsed HLA-A2-expressing Drosophila cells, expanded, and reintroduced into the patient; these tumor-reactive T-cells may stimulate a host immune response against tumor cells expressing the melanoma antigens, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Drosophila cells, which do not express any native MHC molecules, have been shown to potently stimulate tumor-reactivity in vitro from human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) when stably transfected with human MHC molecules and appropriate adhesion and costimulatory molecules.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A preparation of allogeneic HLA-matched leukocytes treated with a derivative of placental protein 14 (PP14) with potential immunomodulating activity. PP14 derivative-treated HLA-matched donor mononuclear cell-enriched leukocytes contain at least fifty-five percent early-apoptotic T cells; after infusion and when processed by recipient dendritic cells, early-apoptotic T cells may help induce a decrease in the donor effector T-cell responses against the recipient of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant, thereby minimizing allogeneic HSC transplant-related graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). PP14, a 162 amino acid glycosylated protein secreted by the late secretory phase endometrium, binds to T cells in a carbohydrate fashion and has been shown to induce T-cell apoptosis; maternal immune tolerance to the fetus and pregnancy-related remissions of autoimmune disease may involve PP14-induced T cell apoptosis.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A preparation consisting of allogeneic, differentiated Th1-like T cells bound to T cell-stimulating monoclonal antibodies with potential antitumor activity. More specifically, allogeneic CD4+ memory Th1-like T cells/microparticle-bound anti-CD3/anti-CD28 are composed of a proprietary preparation of mismatched, allogeneic differentiated CD4+ memory Th1-like T cells bound to paramagnetic, epoxy-covered 4. 5 micron microparticles with covalently bound anti-CD3/anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies at a 2:1 bead:cell ratio. The CD4+ memory Th1-like T cells are derived from precursors found in the circulation of a normal donor. Stimulated by the microparticle-bound monoclonal antibodies, the infused T cells produce pro-inflammatory, anti-tumor cytokines such as like IFN-gamma, TNF-beta, and IL-2, disabling tumor immune avoidance mechanisms and stimulating the host immune system to both reject the infused T cells and kill tumor cells.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A powder formulation containing a triple helix beta-glucan, isolated from the cell walls of the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes), with potential immunostimulating activity. The beta-glucan in beta-glucan MM-10-001 binds to a lectin site within the complement receptor 3 (CR3 or iC3b receptor) on leukocytes, priming the receptor to trigger cytotoxic degranulation of leukocytes when leukocyte CR3 binds to iC3b-opsonized tumor cells. IC3b is the proteolyticly inactive product of the complement cleavage fragment C3b.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A potent, specific inhibitor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in cancer stem cells with potential antineoplastic activity. Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor PRI-724 specifically inhibits the recruiting of beta-catenin with its coactivator CBP (the binding protein of the cAMP response element-binding protein CREB); together with other transcription factors beta-catenin/CBP binds to WRE (Wnt-responsive element) and activates transcription of a wide range of target genes of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Blocking the interaction of CBP and beta-catenin by this agent prevents gene expression of many proteins necessary for growth, thereby potentially suppressing cancer cell growth. The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway regulates cell morphology, motility, and proliferation; aberrant regulation of this pathway leads to neoplastic proliferation.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical containing radioactive 2-deoxy-2-(18F) fluoro-D-glucose. With similar cell uptake as glucose (high in tumor cells), fludeoxyglucose F 18 is not dephosphorylated and further metabolized.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A population of T lymphocytes polarized by rapamycin with potential immunomodulating activity. The autologous T cells collected from the patient were co-stimulated with antibodies to the T-cell cell surface proteins CD3 and CD28 and expanded ex vivo in the presence of rapamycin, an immunosuppressive drug, and then infused back into the same patient. Both CD3 and CD28 are required for full T cell activation. These lymphocytes expressed anti-apoptotic bcl-2 family member proteins (reduced Bax, Bak; increased phospho-Bad); maintained mitochondrial membrane potentials; and displayed reduced apoptosis. Adoptive transfer of this type of T cell potentially induces an anti-apoptotic Th1/Tc1 effector phenotype by promoting autophagy.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
