- 行业: Library & information science
- Number of terms: 152252
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
The National Library of Medicine (NLM), on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is the world's largest medical library. The Library collects materials and provides information and research services in all areas of biomedicine and health care.
The extent to which a drug causes adverse effects. Drug toxicity is one of the factors considered when selecting antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to include in an HIV treatment regimen.
Industry:Health care
The federal agency responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of drugs, biologics, vaccines, and medical devices. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also regulates the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products and works to safeguard the nation's blood supply.
Industry:Health care
The federal source for HIV/AIDS medical practice guidelines, clinical trials, and other research information for health care providers, researchers, people affected by HIV/AIDS, and the general public. Information is available via the Web, phone, e-mail, and postal mail.
Industry:Health care
The fifth of seven steps in the HIV life cycle. Translation occurs after the host cell makes new HIV RNA. During translation, the host cell uses the genetic instructions carried in the new HIV RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), to make HIV proteins.
Industry:Health care
The final and seventh step in the HIV life cycle. Maturation takes place after the virus has pushed itself out of the host cell. During maturation, protease (an HIV enzyme) releases certain viral proteins that allow HIV to mature (become infectious).
Industry:Health care
The first of seven steps in the HIV life cycle. HIV binds to the CD4 receptor and a coreceptor (either CCR5 or CXCR4) on the host cell, causing the viral envelope to fuse with the host cell membrane. This fusion allows HIV to release HIV RNA and HIV enzymes, such as reverse transcriptase and integrase, into the host cell.
Industry:Health care
The first step in testing an experimental drug in humans. Phase I trials evaluate the drug's safety and toxicity at different dose levels and determine drug pharmacokinetics. Because little is known about the possible risks and benefits of the drug being tested, Phase I trials usually include only a small number of participants (20 to 80). Testing of other biomedical interventions, such as diagnostic tests or medical devices, also begins with Phase I trials.
Industry:Health care
The fourth of seven steps in the HIV life cycle. Transcription occurs after HIV has integrated its viral DNA into the DNA of the host cell. During transcription, the host cell uses the genetic instructions carried in HIV DNA to make new HIV RNA, including HIV messenger RNA (mRNA).
Industry:Health care
The gradual build-up of plaque inside of artery walls. (Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in blood.) Over time, the plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, decreasing the flow of oxygen-rich blood to organs and other parts of the body.
Industry:Health care
The gradual decrease in T-cell function that can occur with chronic infections and cancers. T-cell exhaustion weakens the immune system, making it difficult for the body to fight off infections or kill cancer-causing cells.
Industry:Health care
