- 行业: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
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A type of hydrogen-induced failure produced when hydrogen atoms enter low-strength steels that have macroscopic defects, such as laminations. <br><br>The defects in the steel (void spaces) provide places for hydrogen atoms to combine, forming gaseous molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) that can build enough pressure to produce blistering. <br><br>Hydrogen blistering is a problem mainly in sour environments. Frequently, it does not cause a brittle failure, but it can produce rupture or leakages.
Industry:Oil & gas
A type of geochemical analysis in which a rock sample is subject to controlled heating in an inert gas to or past the point of generating hydrocarbons in order to assess its quality as a source rock, the abundance of organic material in it, its thermal maturity, and the quality of hydrocarbons it might generate or have generated. Pyrolysis breaks large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller molecules. <br><br>This process is used to determine the quality of shale as a source rock and is instrumental in evaluating shale gas plays.
Industry:Oil & gas
A type of gas-lift valve that allows a gas-lift port size to be adjusted remotely from surface to positions from fully open to closed. Developed in the last 10 years, these valves offer the possibility of changing gas-injection points without well intervention.
Industry:Oil & gas
A type of fluid-mixing tank used in the preparation of treatment fluids or slurries that provides the agitation to achieve a well-dispersed mixture. Paddle mixers are generally equipped with rotating paddles that provide turbulence for mixing fluids and an action that prevents the settling of solids prior to being pumped.
Industry:Oil & gas
A type of formation whose rock properties are the same in all directions. Although this never actually occurs, fluid flow in rocks approximates this situation closely enough to consider certain formations isotropic.
Industry:Oil & gas
A type of fluid pump, commonly used on workover rigs, that has two plungers or pistons. As a positive-reciprocating pump, the fluid flow rate is typically calculated from the number of strokes per minute that the pump makes and the displacement volume per stroke. Such a level of accuracy usually is sufficient for general workover purposes.
Industry:Oil & gas
A type of fluid pump in which reciprocating pistons or plungers displace the fluid.
Industry:Oil & gas
A type of fluid pump in which the displacement volume of the pump is fixed for each rotation of the pump. Generally associated with high-pressure applications, positive-displacement pumps are commonly used in drilling operations to circulate the drilling fluid and in a range of oil and gas well treatments, such as cementing, matrix treatments and hydraulic fracturing.
Industry:Oil & gas
A type of flowmeter in which the spinner blades are collapsed to pass through the tubing and other restrictions, and then opened up below to sense the full cross section of the casing or openhole. In this way, a much larger fraction of the flow is measured. Introduced in the 1970s, the fullbore spinner gives a better average flow velocity than a conventional flowmeter, particularly at low flow rates and with simple biphasic-flow regimes. However, when the flow structure is complex, such as with multiphase flow in highly deviated wells, the average flow velocity may not be meaningful.
Industry:Oil & gas
A type of electronic pressure gauge that samples and records downhole pressures, with the data being stored, ready for downloading to acquisition equipment when the tool assembly has been retrieved to surface. Memory gauges are generally used to measure bottomhole pressures and temperatures in response to various production rates in tests to assess well productivity and reservoir performance.
Industry:Oil & gas
