- 行业: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
- Number of blossaries: 0
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A description of the geometrical distribution of a fluid moving through a pipe. The term is similar to the term flow regime, but is used to describe larger scale features in which there may be more than one flow regime. For example, in a deviated well there may be bubble flow of gas in oil in the uppermost part of the pipe, and water only in the lowest part.
Industry:Oil & gas
A depression in the crust of the Earth, caused by plate tectonic activity and subsidence, in which sediments accumulate. Sedimentary basins vary from bowl-shaped to elongated troughs. Basins can be bounded by faults. Rift basins are commonly symmetrical; basins along continental margins tend to be asymmetrical. If rich hydrocarbon source rocks occur in combination with appropriate depth and duration of burial, then a petroleum system can develop within the basin. <br><br>Most basins contain some amount of shale, thus providing opportunities for shale gas exploration and production. <br>
Industry:Oil & gas
A density log that has been corrected for the effect of mud and mudcake by using two or more detectors at different spacings from the source. The shorter the spacing, the shallower the depth of investigation and the larger the effect of the mudcake. Thus, a short spaced detector, which is very sensitive to the mudcake, can be used to correct a long-spaced detector, which is only slightly sensitive to it. <br><br>In a typical two-detector compensation scheme, the density measured by the longest spacing detector is corrected by an amount, delta rho, which is a function of the difference between long- and short-spacing densities. The correction is found to depend on the difference between formation and mudcake density multiplied by mudcake thickness. Although there are three unknowns, simple functions are reliable for moderate corrections. Experimental results are often presented in the form of a spine and ribs plot. There are other schemes using, for example, more detectors. Dual detector density logs were introduced in the mid 1960s.
Industry:Oil & gas
A data value that is not correct. This could be caused by a faulty measurement or by incorrect processing of the data.
Industry:Oil & gas
A compound, typically a metallic salt, mixed with a base-gel fluid, such as a guar-gel system, to create a viscous gel used in some stimulation or pipeline cleaning treatments. The crosslinker reacts with the multiple-strand polymer to couple the molecules, creating a fluid of high, but closely controlled, viscosity. Treatments using crosslinkers should take account of the conditions needed to break the gel structure to ensure satisfactory cleanup and disposal.
Industry:Oil & gas
A component of a production-logging tool that carries a radioactive solution (often carnotite) that can be selectively released into a flow stream. When the radioactive solution is released into an injected fluid, the movement of the mixture can be traced by gamma ray detectors located in the tool. <br><br>Radioactive tracers are generally used in injection wells rather than in production wells to avoid radioactive contamination at the surface. The main applications of radioactive tracers include establishing flow profiles in injection wells, detecting fluid movements behind the pipe, and locating leaking packers and fluid movement between wells.
Industry:Oil & gas
A compound formed by a secondary reaction of stimulation fluids with fluids or solids present in the reservoir matrix. The most damaging stimulation byproducts are the insoluble precipitates that can form when the pH of the treatment fluid increases during the reaction process. Precipitates of iron compounds can be particularly problematic if conditions allow the formation of gelatinous, insoluble ferric compounds in the near-wellbore area.
Industry:Oil & gas
A component installed near the bottom of the casing string on which the cement plugs land during the primary cementing operation. The internal components of the landing collar are generally fabricated from plastics, cement and other drillable materials.
Industry:Oil & gas
A classification of filter used in the cleaning and treatment of brines and solids-free fluids. Nominal filters trap or remove most particles of equal or larger size than the given filter specification.
Industry:Oil & gas
A clustering technique that begins with the assignment of the number of clusters to be found. Points that will represent the centroids of these clusters are then evenly dispersed through the data and moved as if by gravity until they settle into positions in the data clouds and cease to move. This technique is much faster than the hierarchical technique but not as accurate, and is often used in electrofacies analysis when large data sets must be analyzed.
Industry:Oil & gas
