- 行业: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
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Pilot testing may prevent costly mistakes. Pilot testing is a trial run of procedures and instruments that you plan to use. For example, pilot testing of a mail survey to teachers could be done in a couple of different ways. You could mail the survey to a handful of teachers and then call them to discuss the questions. An easier, but less rigorous, method might be to distribute the survey after a professional development activity and ask the teachers there what they think.
The main purpose of pilot testing is to catch potential problems before they become costly mistakes. It is typically used if an instrument or method of data collection is being used for the first time or for the first time with a particular group (e.g., a survey used before with a different age group). Pilot testing provides information on how long data collection can be expected to take and a preview of how difficult items will be to complete. The latter is important as, with proper advanced notice, you can modify questions and possibly even the way you collect information (e.g., reading questions to people rather than having people read questions themselves).
Industry:Oil & gas
Существующие скважины рядом предлагаемых хорошо что предоставляет информацию для планирования предлагаемого хорошо. В планировании развития скважин, обычно существуют многочисленные отводы, так много известно о подземных режимов геологии и давления. В отличие от ранга wildcats имеют не закрыть смещения, и планирование основывается на интерпретации сейсмических данных, далекие смещения и предыдущего опыта. Смещение данных высокого качества являются желанной компетентным хорошо планировщики для оптимизации конструкции хорошо. При отсутствии смещения данных, хорошо планировщик должны быть более консервативным при проектировании скважин и включают дополнительные непредвиденные расходы.
Industry:Oil & gas
An electromechanical device used to connect an electrical tool string to a logging cable, electrical wireline or coiled tubing string equipped with an electrical conductor. It provides attachments to both the mechanical armor wires (which give logging cable its tensile strength) and the outer mechanical housing of a logging tool, usually by means of threads. This connection to the logging tool results in a good electrical path from the electrical conductors of the logging cable to the electrical contacts of the logging tool, and shields this electrical path from contact with conductive fluids, such as certain drilling muds. The basic requirements of most cable heads include providing reliable electrical and mechanical connectivity between the running string and tool string. Another attribute of cable heads is that they serve as a "weak link," so that if a logging tool becomes irretrievably stuck in a well, the operator may intentionally pull in excess of the breaking strength of the logging cable head, causing the cable to pull out of the cable head in a controlled fashion.
Industry:Oil & gas
An enlarged region of a wellbore. A washout in an openhole section is larger than the original hole size or size of the drill bit. Washout enlargement can be caused by excessive bit jet velocity, soft or unconsolidated formations, in-situ rock stresses, mechanical damage by BHA components, chemical attack and swelling or weakening of shale as it contacts fresh water. Generally speaking, washouts become more severe with time. Appropriate mud types, mud additives and increased mud density can minimize washouts.
Industry:Oil & gas
An enlarged pipe at the top of a casing string that serves as a funnel to guide drilling tools into the top of a well. The bell nipple is usually fitted with a side outlet to permit drilling fluids to flow back to the surface mud treating equipment through another inclined pipe called a flowline.
Industry:Oil & gas
An emulsion in which oil is the continuous or external phase and water is the internal phase. Invert emulsion usually refers to an oil-base mud, and the terms are considered synonyms. Invert-emulsion muds can be run with 5 to 50% water in the liquid phase, although there are systems that are 100% oil.
Industry:Oil & gas
An electric motor that acts as a brake. Braking is accomplished by reversing the electric fields on the motor, effectively turning it into a generator. The usage of the generated power, either in useful applications or dissipation as heat, restrains the motor-turned-generator and provides a braking action.
Industry:Oil & gas
An eight-carbon alcohol. Iso-octanol is used as a defoamer for water muds.
Industry:Oil & gas
An average or baseline measure of gas entrained in circulating mud. This baseline trend pertains to gas that is liberated downhole while drilling through a uniform lithologic interval at a constant rate of penetration. The gas is typically obtained from a suction line above the gas trap located immediately upstream of the shale shaker screens, where the gas evolves out of the mud. <br> Oil-base mud systems tend to produce higher background gas values than do water-base muds. Deviations from the background gas trend likely indicate changes in porosity or permeability, or changes in drilling conditions; any of which merits further investigation. A drift or gradual shift of the background gas trend toward higher values may indicate a slow gas influx into the mud column, which can eventually lead to a kick or blowout. When annotated on mud logs, background gas is usually abbreviated as BGG.
Industry:Oil & gas
An assembled length of steel pipe configured to suit a specific wellbore. The sections of pipe are connected and lowered into a wellbore, then cemented in place. The pipe joints are typically approximately 40 ft (12 m) in length, male threaded on each end and connected with short lengths of double-female threaded pipe called couplings. Long casing strings may require higher strength materials on the upper portion of the string to withstand the string load. Lower portions of the string may be assembled with casing of a greater wall thickness to withstand the extreme pressures likely at depth. <br><br>Casing is run to protect or isolate formations adjacent to the wellbore. The following are the most common reasons for running casing in a well:<br><br>1) protect fresh-water aquifers (surface casing)<br><br>2) provide strength for installation of wellhead equipment, including BOPs<br><br>3) provide pressure integrity so that wellhead equipment, including BOPs, may be closed<br><br>4) seal off leaky or fractured formations into which drilling fluids are lost <br><br>5) seal off low-strength formations so that higher strength (and generally higher pressure) formations may be penetrated safely<br><br>6) seal off high-pressure zones so that lower pressure formations may be drilled with lower drilling fluid densities<br><br>7) seal off troublesome formations, such as flowing salt<br><br>8) comply with regulatory requirements (usually related to one of the factors listed above).
Industry:Oil & gas
