- 行业: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
A calcium-based water mud system containing gypsum. Gyp mud can be used for drilling shales, but it is also well-suited for drilling gypsum, anhydrite and salt stringers. An advantage of gyp over lime muds is that the pH of gyp mud need not be so high because it contains more soluble Ca<sup>+2</sup> to inhibit shale swelling. Gypsum, CaSO<sub>4</sub>路2H<sub>2</sub>O, content is measured by an API test, and more can be added as needed. A calcium-tolerant clay deflocculant may be needed to control viscosity. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and starch are used for fluid loss control along with a small amount of prehydrated bentonite.
Industry:Oil & gas
Краткий приток газа, который вводится в буровой жидкости, когда соединение труб. Прежде чем сделать подключение, бурильщик останавливается грязевых насосов, тем самым позволяя газ для ввода скважины на глубине. Газ может быть также использовано в ствол скважины путем незначительных тампонирования эффектов, вызываемых короткими движениями бурильной колонны, которые происходят во время соединения. Подключение газа обычно происходит после одного запаздывания интервала после подключения. На грязи журнала он будет отображаться как короткий пик выше фонового уровня. Этот пик часто появляется в 30-футовый интервалы, в зависимости от длины бурильной трубы, будучи связан как скважины.
Industry:Oil & gas
Синий краситель с катионным зарядом в молекуле используется как реагент для Метиленовый синий тест используется для оценки Ёмкость катионного обмена (ЦИК) твердых веществ в воде база бурения грязи.
Industry:Oil & gas
Филиал нас земли и минеральных Отдел управления, который контролирует национальных ресурсов. MMS есть надзора нефти и газа лизинга, коллекции роялти и других операций в принадлежащих США местах. Он внимательно отслеживает операции в федеральных водах, следит за аренду площадей, вопросы разрешения на бурение и контролирует операторы для разрешения нарушения.
Industry:Oil & gas
Превентор (ПБ), закрывая элемент оснащен закаленной инструментальной стали ножей, призванных сократить бурильной трубы при закрытии ПБ. Shear ram обычно используется в качестве последнего средства для восстановления давления контроль скважины, которая течет. Как только бурильной трубы вырезать (или стриженый) путем сдвига Рамс, он обычно остается висеть в ПБ стека, и убить операции становится все труднее. Совместное бурильной трубы уничтожается в процессе, но остальная часть бурильной колонны невредимыми операцией сдвига Рамс.
Industry:Oil & gas
A acidic salt, ZnBr<sub>2</sub>, which is used to prepare dense, clear (solids-free) brine for well completion and workover operations. The density of saturated zinc bromide is approximately 20 lbm/gal, but its pH is low and can cause acidic corrosion and handling problems. Its HSE problems must be weighed carefully against its advantages. Zinc bromide can be used to scavenge sulfides from a mud system in cases where the addition of that salt will not cause detrimental effects on mud performance, such as in a saltwater mud.
Industry:Oil & gas
A 20- to 50-gallon (3. 2- to 7. 9 m<sup>3</sup>) container for liquid mud additives, usually located above the suction pit on a drilling rig. The chemical barrel is used to slowly dispense various types of liquids into the active mud system. It has traditionally been used to add caustic (NaOH or KOH) solution at a slow and steady rate in order to maintain a uniform pH throughout a circulating mud system. Adding caustic solution is an especially risky operation and the proper design and use of the chemical barrel for safety is vitally important. Derrickmen must be informed of the dangers, proper protective clothing and safety rules to follow when using the chemical barrel.
Industry:Oil & gas
An extraordinarily poisonous gas with a molecular formula of H2S. At low concentrations, H<sub>2</sub>S has the odor of rotten eggs, but at higher, lethal concentrations, it is odorless. H<sub>2</sub>S is hazardous to workers and a few seconds of exposure at relatively low concentrations can be lethal, but exposure to lower concentrations can also be harmful. The effect of H<sub>2</sub>S depends on duration, frequency and intensity of exposure as well as the susceptibility of the individual. <br>Hydrogen sulfide is a serious and potentially lethal hazard, so awareness, detection and monitoring of H<sub>2</sub>S is essential. Since hydrogen sulfide gas is present in some subsurface formations, drilling and other operational crews must be prepared to use detection equipment, personal protective equipment, proper training and contingency procedures in H<sub>2</sub>S-prone areas. <br>Hydrogen sulfide is produced during the decomposition of organic matter and occurs with hydrocarbons in some areas. It enters drilling mud from subsurface formations and can also be generated by sulfate-reducing bacteria in stored muds. H<sub>2</sub>S can cause sulfide-stress-corrosion cracking of metals. Because it is corrosive, H<sub>2</sub>S production may require costly special production equipment such as stainless steel tubing. <br>Sulfides can be precipitated harmlessly from water muds or oil muds by treatments with the proper sulfide scavenger. H<sub>2</sub>S is a weak acid, donating two hydrogen ions in neutralization reactions, forming HS<sup>-</sup> and S<sup>-2</sup> ions. In water or water-base muds, the three sulfide species, H<sub>2</sub>S and HS<sup>-</sup> and S<sup>-2</sup> ions, are in dynamic equilibrium with water and H<sup>+</sup> and OH<sup>-</sup> ions. The percent distribution among the three sulfide species depends on pH. H<sub>2</sub>S is dominant at low pH, the HS<sup>-</sup> ion is dominant at mid-range pH and S<sup>2</sup> ions dominate at high pH. In this equilibrium situation, sulfide ions revert to H<sub>2</sub>S if pH falls. Sulfides in water mud and oil mud can be quantitatively measured with the Garrett Gas Train according to procedures set by API.
Industry:Oil & gas
The depth of a well or features within the wellbore as measured while drilling. The measured length of each joint of drillpipe or tubing is added to provide a total depth or measurement to the point of interest. Drillers depth is the first depth measurement of a wellbore and is taken from the rotary table level on the rig floor. In most cases, subsequent depth measurements, such as those made during the well completion phase, are corrected to the wellhead datum that is based on drillers depth.
Industry:Oil & gas
The cross section of a material to photoelectric absorption, in barns/cm<sup>3</sup>. The volumetric cross section, U, is from the product of the photoelectric factor, PEF or P<sub>e</sub> , and the electron density. In practice, U is usually calculated using the bulk density instead of the electron density. U is a volumetric quantity, whereas P<sub>e</sub> is not. U is more useful in log interpretation since it can be used in a linear mixing law in terms of the volumes of the formation components.
Industry:Oil & gas
