- 行业: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
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Давление жидкости в кольце между НКТ и обсадные трубы или между двух строк из корпуса.
Industry:Oil & gas
Fluid in the pore space that can flow under normal reservoir conditions. This fluid may include water, oil or gas, and will flow on production, injection or invasion. When the term is used in connection with nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, it refers to the signal that occurs above a certain cutoff, typically 33 ms in sandstones and 100 ms in carbonates. The source of this signal is free water and oil with a viscosity below about 60 cp in sandstones, and 30 cp in carbonates. Note that, contrary to the sense of "free," this oil may or may not be residual under normal reservoir conditions.
Industry:Oil & gas
Fluid flow that deviates from Darcy's law, which assumes laminar flow in the formation. Non-Darcy flow is typically observed in high-rate gas wells when the flow converging to the wellbore reaches flow velocities exceeding the Reynolds number for laminar or Darcy flow, and results in turbulent flow. Since most of the turbulent flow takes place near the wellbore in producing formations, the effect of non-Darcy flow is a rate-dependent skin effect.
Industry:Oil & gas
Потока жидкости в скважине из одной зоны в другую в ответ на давление различия между зонами. Любое время, когда давление в скважине поднимается выше среднего давления в любой зоне обратного потока будет происходить. Анализ накопления тестов с участием обратного потока невозможно или чрезвычайно трудно и обычно требует привлечения экспертов для определения полезной информации от таких испытаний.
Industry:Oil & gas
Families of the paired pressure change and its derivative computed from a model. The model is usually generated from an analytical solution of the diffusion equation with boundary conditions strategically defined to enable observation of theoretical trends in the pressure-transient response. The boundary conditions that can be defined near the well include constant or variable wellbore storage, limited entry (partial penetration), radial composite (damage skin due to permeability alteration), and a fracture extending the cylindrical wellbore to a extended plane. The borehole trajectory can be vertical, angled, or horizontal. The distant boundary conditions include a sealing or partially sealing planar boundary (fault), intersecting faults and rectangular boundaries (sealing or constant pressure). Further, the diffusion equation can be adjusted to accommodate reservoir heterogeneity in the form of dual porosity or layering. Finally, when generated with computer assistance, the type-curve family can account for superposition in time due to flow-rate variations before and even during the transient data acquisition. <BR><BR>Originally, type-curve families were printed on specialized (usually log-log) coordinates with dimensionless parameters defining the x and y axes. Today, commercial software can generate the type-curve families on the computer screen, enabling a much more flexible and user-friendly analysis. Further, automated regression (usually least squares) permits an optimized match between the acquired data and a selected model. <BR><BR>Type curves have greatly enriched the ability of interpreters to extract potential explanations for transient data trends that differ from the radial-flow behavior required for conventional semilog (Horner buildup) analysis.
Industry:Oil & gas
Equipment that transfers heat to the produced gas stream. <BR><BR>Heaters are especially used when producing natural gas or condensate to avoid the formation of ice and gas hydrates. These solids can plug the wellhead, chokes and flowlines. <BR><BR>The production of natural gas is usually accompanied by water vapor. As this mixture is produced, it cools down on its way to the surface and also when the mixture passes through a surface production choke. This reduction of fluid temperature can favor the formation of gas hydrates if heaters are not used. <BR><BR>Heaters may also be used to heat emulsions before further treating procedures or when producing crude oil in cold weather to prevent freezing of oil or formation of paraffin accumulations.
Industry:Oil & gas
Жидкие соединения, такие как propanes, бутаны, пентаны и тяжелее продукты, извлеченные с flowstream газа.
Industry:Oil & gas
Впрыск газа, что вернулся к поверхности и это не закачиваемый в систему газ Лифт. Вместо этого он передается на конвейер. Этот газ иногда называют газ провел газ Лифт.
Industry:Oil & gas
Лабораторные анализы на формирование керна как частью процесса проектирования стимуляции лечение. Тестов, таких как формирование потока потенциальных, ориентации и жидкости совместимость тесты обычно выполняются в рамках подготовки к стимуляции лечения при переломах.
Industry:Oil & gas
Laboratory study of a sample of a geologic formation, usually reservoir rock, taken during or after drilling a well. Economic and efficient oil and gas production is highly dependent on understanding key properties of reservoir rock, such as porosity, permeability, and wettability. Geoscientists have developed a variety of approaches, including log and core analysis techniques, to measure these properties. Core analysis is especially important in shale reservoirs because of the vertical and lateral heterogeneity of the rocks. Core analysis can include evaluation of rock properties and anisotropy; organic matter content, maturity, and type; fluid content; fluid sensitivity; and geomechanical properties. This information can be used to calibrate log and seismic measurements and to help in well and completion design, well placement, and other aspects of reservoir production. <BR>
Industry:Oil & gas
