- 行业: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
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A polymer produced by a strain of bacteria. The most common type, used in drilling and completion operations, is a polysaccharide biopolymer known as XC polymer.
Industry:Oil & gas
A pH indicator used in alkalinity titration of mud filtrate and water samples. The indicator is yellow in solutions above pH 4. 3, and red below pH 4. 3. "M" alkalinity is the titration volume measured using the methyl orange indicator. Methyl orange is often replaced in test kits by bromocresol green.
Industry:Oil & gas
A permeable material used in a filtration device through which filtrate passes and on which the filter cake is deposited, commonly a specifically designed filter paper or permeable disk used in a static filter press that meets API standards. The filter medium can be the cylindrical, permeable core or disk used in a dynamic filtration test or permeable rock downhole on which a filter cake is deposited in a wellbore.
Industry:Oil & gas
A pH indicator that is clear below pH 8. 3 and red above 8. 3. It is the indicator used in various alkalinity titrations.
Industry:Oil & gas
A person responsible for testing the mud at a rig and for prescribing mud treatments to maintain mud weight, properties and chemistry within recommended limits. The mud engineer works closely with the rig supervisor to disseminate information about mud properties and expected treatments and any changes that might be needed. The mud engineer also works closely with the rig's derrickman, who is charged with making scheduled additions to the mud during his work period.
Industry:Oil & gas
A particular type of floating vessel, usually used as a mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU), that is supported primarily on large pontoon-like structures submerged below the seasurface. The operating decks are elevated 100 or more feet (30 m) above the pontoons on large steel columns. Once on the desired location, this type of structure is slowly flooded until it rests on the seafloor. After the well is completed, the water is pumped out of the buoyancy tanks, the vessel refloated and towed to the next location. Submersibles, as they are known informally, operate in relatively shallow water, since they must actually rest on the seafloor.
Industry:Oil & gas
A particularly difficult set of well conditions that may detrimentally affect steel, elastomers, mud additives, electronics, or tools and tool components. Such conditions typically include excessive temperatures, the presence of acid gases (H<sub>2</sub>S, CO<sub>2</sub>), chlorides, high pressures and, more recently, extreme measured depths.
Industry:Oil & gas
A particularly crooked place in a wellbore where the trajectory of the wellbore in three-dimensional space changes rapidly. While a dogleg is sometimes created intentionally by directional drillers, the term more commonly refers to a section of the hole that changes direction faster than anticipated or desired, usually with harmful side effects. In surveying wellbore trajectories, a standard calculation of dogleg severity is made, usually expressed in two-dimensional degrees per 100 feet (degrees per 30 m) of wellbore length. <br><br>There are several difficulties associated with doglegs. First, the wellbore is not located in the planned path. Second is the possibility that a planned casing string may no longer easily fit through the curved section. Third, repeated abrasion by the drillstring in a particular location of the dogleg results in a worn spot called a keyseat, in which the bottomhole assembly components may become stuck as they are pulled through the section. Fourth, casing successfully cemented through the dogleg may wear unusually quickly due to higher contact forces between the drillstring and the inner diameter (ID) of the casing through the dogleg. Fifth, a relatively stiff bottomhole assembly may not easily fit through the dogleg section drilled with a relatively limber BHA. Sixth, excessive doglegs increase the overall friction to the drillstring, increasing the likelihood of getting stuck or not reaching the planned total depth. Usually these problems are manageable. If the dogleg impairs the well, remedial action can be taken, such as reaming or underreaming through the dogleg, or even sidetracking in extreme situations.
Industry:Oil & gas
A particular style or type of threaded connection, especially as used for rotary shouldered connections. Threadforms come in a variety of sizes, pitches, tapers, threads per in. , and individual thread profiles. Fortunately, each of these varieties has a published standard, either considered public and maintained by the American Petroleum Institute (API) or maintained by operating or service companies as proprietary information.
Industry:Oil & gas
