- 行业: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
- Number of blossaries: 0
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A coagulated mass of particles in a liquid. Flocs can occur naturally but often are generated from a dispersed colloidal system to which a flocculant chemical has been added. Clay particles and polymers in water can be flocculated to form flocs.
Industry:Oil & gas
A clutching mechanism that permits the driller to apply high torque to a connection using the power of the drawworks motor.
Industry:Oil & gas
A clutched, rotating spool that enables the driller to use the drawworks motor to apply tension to a chain connected to the makeup tongs. This tensioned chain, acting at right angles to the tong handle, imparts torque to the connection being tightened.
Industry:Oil & gas
A clutched spool connected to the drawworks power system used to tension chains, cables and softline rope.
Industry:Oil & gas
A clay-based, water mud that has had its viscosity reduced with a chemical treatment; incorrectly, called a "dispersed" mud. The chemical used is a deflocculant, not a dispersant. A well-known and effective clay deflocculant is lignosulfonate. The mud, after being deflocculated, usually shows much improved filter-cake qualities with lower yield point and gel strengths. Filter-cake quality is improved because when clays are deflocculated, the platelets become detached from each other and can lie flat to form a thin, low-permeability filter cake. Lowering yield point and gel strength may not always be desired and can be adjusted by the amount of deflocculant added in each treatment. If yield point and gels are lowered too far, suspension and cutting capacity of the mud are impaired.
Industry:Oil & gas
A clay-based water mud that used tannates (from tannic acid) as clay deflocculant and mined lignite for fluid-loss control, usually with lime. The tannates were usually quebracho, which is red at high pH. Red muds were used extensively in the 1940s and 1950s.
Industry:Oil & gas
A clay that has been treated during manufacturing to enhance its dispersion. <br><br>Reference:<br>Garrett RL: "Quality Requirements for Industrial Minerals Used in Drilling Fluids," Mining Engineering 39, no. 11 (November 1987): 1011-1016.
Industry:Oil & gas
A clay mineral with long, slender, needle-like structure, similar to attapulgite. It contains a mixture of fibrous and amorphous clay-like materials. API and ISO specifications exist for sepiolite used in drilling fluids.
Industry:Oil & gas
A clay mineral similar in structure to bentonite but with more negative charges on its surface. Organophilic hectorite, made by the wet process, is a premium performance additive for use in oil-base drilling mud.
Industry:Oil & gas
A class of water-base drilling fluid that utilize dissolved Ca<sup>+2</sup> as a component. Examples are lime mud, gyp mud and calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) mud. The latter is rarely used, but is based on solutions of CaCl<sub>2</sub> that, in high concentration, can impart density up to 11. 6 lbm/gal (1. 39 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) and has been touted as providing shale inhibition.
Industry:Oil & gas
