- 行业: Education
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Founded in 1876, Texas A&M University is a U.S. public and comprehensive university offering a wide variety of academic programs far beyond its original label of agricultural and mechanical trainings. It is one of the few institutions holding triple federal designations as a land-, sea- and ...
A 1986 program to measure water vapor and droplet fluxes from sea to air at moderate to high wind speeds. HEXOS was the first comprehensive open ocean air–sea flux field project to emphasize surface exchange processes. It was conducted on the Dutch Noordwijk platform, and featured the largest range of windspeeds over which momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat fluxes had been measured. It provided the physical basis for linking aerosol, sea spray, and sensible and latent heat fluxes under a common framework.
Industry:Earth science
A 1991-1992 experiment involving a tomography array located between Puerto Rico and Bermuda. The width of the array was abouata 670 km and is consisted of six mooring acoustic sources and receivers. The array detected signals of the lowest internal wave modes at diurnal frequencies.
Industry:Earth science
A 1992 experiment to study the effect of leads (cracks in the ice) on the polar ocean and atmosphere.
Industry:Earth science
A 1996–1997 experiment that was one of the three main components forming the MAGE component of ACSOE. EAE was an extensive study of the speciation of sulphur and nitrogen in both clean and moderately polluted atmospheres, and involved the measurement of DMS and other gases in the ocean and the calculation of fluxes into the atmosphere, combined with the measurement of the speciation of sulphur and nitrogen in both gas and size–fractionated aerosol phases. The objectives were:
to quantify the input of DMS into a parcel of air;
to examine the oxidation of DMS and its reaction with nitrogen species with time;
to investigate the formation of new particles that result from these transformations; and
to discriminate between natural and anthropogenic fractions of sulphur and nitrogen using isotopic measurements.
Industry:Earth science
A 1997 PACS study whose purpose was to document the clouds and precipitation of the tropical eastern Pacific from the surface. The timing and location of the cruise were designed to permit the ship’s instruments to sample storm structure when and where there is the greatest difference between the different satellite precipitation estimates. The scientific objectives were:
to estimate precipitation with radar and compare it with the two satellite estimates; and
to understand the physical reasons behind the difference in precipitation estimates based on infrared and microwave satellite data.
Industry:Earth science
A 3-year effort to investigate radar backscatter from the ocean and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery of the ocean. A secondary objective was to explore the relationship between acoustic and microwave scattering from the ocean surface. This joint U.S./Federal Republic of Germany program consisted of Phase I, a major field experiment in the North Sea on and around the German Forschungsplatform Nordsee during November 1990, Phase II, a second and smaller field experiment on the same platform in November 1991, and a series of four data analysis workshops.
Industry:Earth science
A 5–year interdisciplinary research project on cross–shelf transport processes in a wind–driven system. This is sponsored by the NSF and part of the CoOP program. The program consists of field experiments off the Oregon coast along with coordinated ocean circulation, ecosystem and atmospheric modeling. COAST started in early 2000, with major field work taking place in summer 2001 and winter 2003. The major participants are Oregon State University, the University of North Carolina and LDEO.
Industry:Earth science
A 5–year program (1995–1999) in which the U.S. Navy made available a Sturgeon–class, nuclear powered attack submarine for unclassified science cruises in the Arctic Ocean. A test cruise in 1993 started a collaboration between civilian scientists and Navy personnel wherein a variety of information on the geology, physics, chemistry and biology of the Arctic was gathered. The 100,000 miles of shiptrack traveled during the program allowed data to be gathered from regions that have never before (at least officially) been visited.
Industry:Earth science
A bank of oceanographic data supplied by ICES member countries that dates back to the early 1900s. See the IODC Web site74.
Industry:Earth science
A barrel used to collect water samples in oceanography. It holds 250 liters of sea water.
Industry:Earth science
