- 行业: Education
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Founded in 1876, Texas A&M University is a U.S. public and comprehensive university offering a wide variety of academic programs far beyond its original label of agricultural and mechanical trainings. It is one of the few institutions holding triple federal designations as a land-, sea- and ...
A joint project of SCOR and PAGES whose primary goals are to quantify climate and chemical variability of the ocean on time scales of oceanic and cryospheric processes, determine the sensitivity of the ocean to identified internal and external forcing functions, and determine the ocean’s role in controlling atmospheric CO2. A global program including at least 30 dedicated oceanographic expeditions from 1994–2004 is planned to answer questions concerning how changes in ocean properties controlled the evolution of global heat transfer through to deep and surface ocean and so modified the climate, how changes in ocean circulation, chemistry, and biological activity have interacted to generate the observed record of pCO2 over the past 300 Ka, and how close continental climate has been linked to ocean surface and deep water properties.
Industry:Earth science
A joint U.S.–Russian internal wave remote sensing experiment taking place in July 1992 in the New York Bight region near Long Island. It used arrays of aircraft, ships, buoys and satellites from both nations to observe the ocean surface to study how remote sensing can reveal important information on sea surface conditions and air–sea interactions.
Industry:Earth science
A joint US/USSR Bering and Chukchi Seas research program whose goal is to examine the status of marine ecosystems of the Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, and to assess their role in determining global climate. The objectives of BERPAC consist of the study of the biogeochemical cycles of contaminants, related oceanographical processes, and food–web interactions in the North Pacific waters that flow through the Bering and Chukchi Seas, including the study of the behavior of organic pollutants at the water/sediiment interface since sediments are source of the secondary pollution of ecosystems.
Industry:Earth science
A large depression centered around the Bermuda rise at about 85° W and 30° N in the western North Atlantic Ocean. It includes the Sohm Abyssal Plain to the northeast, the Hatteras Abyssal Plain to the west, and the Nares Abyssal Plain (or Nares Deep) to the southeast. Other prominent features in this basin include the Vema Gap, the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge, and Blake-Bahama Basin and the Puerto Rico Trench.
Industry:Earth science
A large, elongated semi–enclosed sea of about 10,000 square kilometers area bounded by the Sinai Peninsula on the east and the Eastern Desert of Egypt on the west. It extends for 300 km and is about 50 km wide at its widest point. It has a flat bottom with an average depth of 50 m and slopes steeply at its mouth to the greater depths of the Red Sea. It connects with the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal and with the Red Sea via the Strait of Jubal. It is an arid basin with little fresh water inflow. Evaporation exceeds precipitation and runoff by over 2 m per year, a deficit that produces a surface inflow from the Red Sea and a longitudinal salinity gradient with the highest salinities near the head of the Gulf. Thus the Gulf is categorized as an inverse or negative estuarine system.
Industry:Earth science
A large–scale experiment to study the water and energy cycles of the Asian monsoon regions. The goal is to provide a better understanding of the key physical processes for the onset, maintenance and variability of the Southeast Asian monsoon.
Industry:Earth science
A layer of marine organisms found over a continental shelf which scatter sound. These layers are usually composed of patchy and horizontally discontinuous groups whose horizontal dimensions are usually less than their vertical dimensions. There are also surface and deep scattering layers.
Industry:Earth science
A layer of organisms found in most oceanic waters that scatters sound. These layers are usually found during the day at depths ranging from 600 to 2400 feet, are rarely less than 150 feet thick, and can be as thick as 600 feet. Several layers are often recorded simultaneously and can range horizontally for many kilometers. Most of these layers undergo diurnal vertical movements. There are also shallow (over continental shelves) and surface scattering layers.
Industry:Earth science
A layer of relatively small vertical change in oxyty as proposed in Seitz.
Industry:Earth science
A layer where the vertical change of temperature is very small and displays a local minimum.
Industry:Earth science
