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Founded in 1876, Texas A&M University is a U.S. public and comprehensive university offering a wide variety of academic programs far beyond its original label of agricultural and mechanical trainings. It is one of the few institutions holding triple federal designations as a land-, sea- and ...
A current meter designed to measure and record the residual current over a longer period of time. In a manner similar to that of the Ekman current meter, a device drops small metal balls into a compass box after a certain number of turns of the propeller. The average velocity and direction are obtained by counting, after an extended period of time, the number and distribution of balls dropped (of over 22,000 available) into the slots of the compass box.
Industry:Earth science
A current meter used in oceanography that is effective at measuring near-surface currents since it is not as susceptible as some other meters to contamination from vertical currents and high frequency horizontal currents. It uses two orthogonal propellors to achieve insensitivity to current flow at right angles to the propellor axis.
Industry:Earth science
A current meter used in oceanography that senses speed with a Savonius rotor and direction relative to its case with a vane assembly. An internal compass senses the orientation of the case relative to magnetic north. Temperature is also recorded. The data recorded by the internal electronics is a true vector average with the sampling rate for speed and direction partly determined by the rotor rotation rate.
Industry:Earth science
A current originating from the dense Mediterranean Sea water overflowing the Strait of Gibraltar It cascades down the continental slope and equilibrates at depths of 500–1500 m in the northern Gulf of Cadiz, forming a westward flowing boundary current. Large segments of the Undercurrent separate from the boundary in the form of 40–100 km diameter lenses of warm, salty Mediterreanean Water called meddies.
Industry:Earth science
A current resulting from geostrophy. Analogous to the geostrophic wind concept in meteorology.
Industry:Earth science
A current that flows along the western coast in the Japan Sea. It is the southward continuation of part of the Liman Current and ultimately turns east and then northward (at around 38-40° N) to become part of the flow in the Polar Front.
Industry:Earth science
A current that flows parallel to the shore before converging and forming the neck of a rip current.
Industry:Earth science
A current underlying the North Brazil Current (NBC) off the northeast coast of Brazil. The NBUC shows a subsurface core at about 200 m with velocities of up to 90 cm/s, resulting in large northward transports of more than 22 Sv in the upper 1000 m.
Industry:Earth science
A cyclonic circulation gyre or eddy sometimes found to the east of Mindanao centered at about 8° N and 135° E. The southward flowing section near the coast is part of the Mindanao Current, and the Eddy can be thought of as the recirculation cell of this current. The southward flow does not extend beyond a depth of 250 m and is underlain by a deep western boundary current flowing northward (from about 250 to 500 m) at a rate of 16-18 Sv. The transport has been estimated at around 25-35 Sv with strong interannual variations. At least one investigation of the Mindanao Current at 8 ° N noted the absence of the Eddy, and as such it may be an intermittent feature of the circulation field. This has also been called the Mindanao Dome.
Industry:Earth science
A Danish physicist who worked on a set of tables for the determination of chlorinity, salinity, temperature, and density from in situ measurements. He suggested at the ICES meeting in 1899 that such tables should be published to facilitate the standardization of hydrographic work. He also suggested that Standard or Normal Water (i.e. water of known and unvarying salinity) be distributed to oceanographic laboratories as a standard against which all other salinities could be compared. Knudsen set up a Hydrographic Laboratory for ICES in Copenhagen for the purpose of producing such standard water samples. He and his co–workers also improved the accuracy of measurements by devising special burettes and pipettes with which to perform the measurements.
Industry:Earth science
