- 行业: Government
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An element found in the air and in all plant and animal tissues. For many crops, nitrogen fertilizer is essential for economic yields. However, nitrogen can also be a pollutant when nitrogen compounds are mobilized in the environment (e.g., leach from fertilized or manured fields), are discharged from septic tanks or feedlots, volatilize to the air, or are emitted from combustion engines. As pollutants, nitrogen compounds can have adverse health effects (see nitrate and air pollution) and contribute to degradation of waters (see eutrophication).
Industry:Agriculture
The nitrogen ion, NO3-, is derived from nitric acid and is an important source of nitrogen in fertilizers. Nitrate pollution of drinking water, shallow wells being particularly vulnerable, is of concern because infants are especially sensitive. A nitrate drinking water standard has been set under the Safe Drinking Water Act. An Environmental Protection Agency national survey of drinking water wells conducted from 1988 to 1990 indicated that 2.4% of rural domestic wells contained nitrate at or above the 10 mg/L standard. Higher rates of contamination have been found in areas of high vulnerability; for example, surveys along the upper Des Moines river indicate that 20 to 30% of wells exceed the standard.
Industry:Agriculture
The New Zealand Dairy Board is a quasi- government corporation that was explicitly created by New Zealand statute to purchase all New Zealand dairy products that are manufactured for export. (New Zealand accounts for about 1 to 2% of world milk production, but has an export share of about 25% of the market.) The Board is governed by 13 Board members, 11 of whom are directors of New Zealand’s dairy cooperatives, and 2 are appointed by the government. It operates through a global network of marketing subsidiaries, based in the countries where New Zealand dairy products are sold. Through its purchasing activities and its system of premiums and penalties, it can encourage the production of dairy products that are in high demand and discourage those that are in surplus.
Industry:Agriculture
A group of machines connected together so they can transmit information to one another. There are two kinds of networks; local networks and remote networks.
Industry:Agriculture
A type of aquaculture where fish remain captive throughout their lives in marine pens built from nets, used by the salmon industry.
Industry:Agriculture
As relates to the food stamp program, net monthly income is an amount calculated for each food stamp household that, together with its size, effectively determines its food stamp benefit. It is calculated by reducing the household’s total cash monthly income by a series of deductions. The lower a household’s net income, the larger its food stamp benefit.
Industry:Agriculture
The return (both monetary and non-monetary) to farm operators for their labor, management and capital, after all production expenses have been paid (that is, gross farm income minus production expenses). It includes net income from farm production as well as net income attributed to the rental value of farm dwellings, the value of commodities consumed on the farm, depreciation, and inventory changes.
Industry:Agriculture
A farm’s actual cash receipts and expenses in a given year, regardless of the year the goods sold were produced. In general, it serves as an indicator of the short-term financial condition of agricultural producers and their ability to pay household expenses, farm operating expenses, loan payments, and to purchase capital assets such as machinery. It consists of cash receipts from farm marketings of crop and livestock products, other cash income from such farm-related sources as machine hire, custom work and farm recreational activities, and direct government payments, less production expenses paid in cash. It excludes the non-monetary components of gross farm income and net farm income.
Industry:Agriculture
Analyses conducted during the preparation of documents required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1970, particularly environmental assessments and environmental impact statements.
Industry:Agriculture
Microscopic soil worm, which may attack roots or other structures of plants and cause extensive damage.
Industry:Agriculture
