- 行业: Government
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Commodities other than basic commodities for which USDA is authorized to provide price support in permanent law. This includes soybeans and other oilseeds, milk, sugar beets, and sugarcane.
Industry:Agriculture
A term used by the Economic Research Service in its reporting of agricultural trade statistics to refer to imports of commodities not produced in the United States. Commodities such as tea, bananas, or coffee are considered noncompetitive imports. In contrast, imported commodities that are also produced in the United States are referred to as competitive imports.
Industry:Agriculture
Any restriction, charge, or policy other than a tariff, that limits access of imported goods. Examples of nontariff barriers include quantitative restrictions, mainly import quotas and embargoes; import licenses; exchange controls; state trading enterprises; bilateral agreements; and certain rules and regulations on health, safety, and sanitation. The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture requires conversion of NTBs to bound tariffs and tariff-rate quotas, and that sanitary and phytosanitary measures be based on sound science.
Industry:Agriculture
The average historic yield established for a particular farm or area. Can also describe average yields. Normal production would be the normal crop acreage planted multiplied by the normal yield. These measures, required by previous commodity programs to calculate benefits, are not required for production flexibility contracts under the FAIR Act of 1996.
Industry:Agriculture
A trade agreement involving Canada, Mexico and the United States, implemented on January 1, 1994, with a 15-year transition period. The major agricultural provisions of NAFTA include: 1) the elimination of nontariff barriers - immediately upon implementation, generally through their conversion to tariff-rate quotas or ordinary quotas; 2) elimination of tariffs - many immediately, most within 10 years, and some sensitive products gradually over 15 years; 3) special safeguard provision; and 4) country-of-origin rules to ensure that Mexico does not serve as a platform for exports from third countries to the U.S.
Industry:Agriculture
P.L. 103-182 (December 8, 1993) approved and implemented the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA pertains to cross-border trade between the United States, Mexico, and Canada. NAFTA substantially eliminated all nontariff barriers to agricultural trade between the United States and Mexico, generally through their conversion to tariff-rate quotas or ordinary tariffs, and maintained the provisions of the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement on agricultural trade. With respect to Mexico, the law eliminated tariffs on a broad range of agricultural products and provided for a phase-out over up to 15 years for tariffs on other products. A special safeguard provision will apply to certain products, with a designated quantity of imports allowed at a NAFTA preferential tariff rate. NAFTA increases incentives for buying within the NAFTA region.
Industry:Agriculture
P.L. 101-233 (December 13, 1989), and amended in 1990 and 1994, authorizes a wetlands habitat program; administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service. The law authorized annual appropriations of up to $20 million to fund a grant program to protect and manage wetland habitats for migratory birds and other wetland wildlife in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. A nine-member council meets periodically to decide which projects to fund. The program encourages private-public cost-sharing projects. It must allocate between 50% and 70% of all funds to projects in Mexico and Canada, and no more than 50% of the U.S. share for projects in these countries can come from federal funds. Agricultural wetlands are not specifically identified in the law, and agricultural interests are not expressly represented on the council.
Industry:Agriculture
An average of the five lowest prices of several internationally-traded cottons (including cost, insurance, and freight) quoted for delivery in Northern Europe. The NE price is used by USDA in its formula for calculating the adjusted world price, used in administering marketing assistance loan and step 2 payment benefits under the cotton price support program.
Industry:Agriculture
A measure of the amount of light absorbed by a solution. It is measured by a colorimeter or spectrophotometer. Absorbance values are used to plot the growth of bacteria in suspension cultures and to determine the concentration of molecules in solution.
Industry:Agriculture
The practice of removing flowers from plants. Deblossoming is done on fruit trees in order to increase the size and quality of the fruit crop.
Industry:Agriculture
