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Actually a pair of cases, resulting from the U. S. Ban on imports of tuna, under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, from countries that did not effectively prohibit tuna fishers from killing dolphins by catching them together with whole schools of tuna in large ("purse seine") nets. Cases filed under GATT in 1991 and 1994 led to panel decisions against the U. S.
Industry:Economy
A free-trade equilibrium in the Heckscher-Ohlin Model in which prices are such that all goods cannot be produced within a single country, and instead there are two diversification cones. This, or a multi-cone equilibrium, will arise if countries' factor endowments are sufficiently dissimilar compared to factor intensities of industries. Contrasts with one cone equilibrium.
Industry:Economy
A model of economic development that focuses on two constraints: the need for savings to finance investment, and the need for foreign exchange to finance imports.
Industry:Economy
A configuration of the European Union in which some of the countries integrate more fully than others. The adoption of the euro by only some of the countries that were then in the EU was the major example of a two-speed Europe. More commonly, the term now refers to changes that would involve some countries pursuing greater political integration.
Industry:Economy
A synonym, not usually used today, for less developed country.
Industry:Economy
1. The condition of being unemployed. Types of unemployment include frictional unemployment, structural unemployment, and cyclical unemployment. 2. A measure of the number of workers who are unemployed. Contrasts with employment.
Industry:Economy
1. Under the GATT this refers only to exports that are subsidized or dumped
2. Under U. S. Law, this also includes various actions that interfere with U. S. Exports. See Section 301 and Super 301. 3. Also used to refer to almost any trade that the speaker objects to, sometimes including that based on low wages or weak regulations.
Industry:Economy
Aid given by one country to another, as opposed to multilateral aid in which countries contribute to an international organization that in turn gives aid to deserving countries.
Industry:Economy
A basic function of money, providing a unit of measurement for defining, recording, and comparing value. i.e., one dollar signifies not only a one dollar bill, but also a dollar's worth of money in other forms (deposits), of wealth in other forms than money, and of any good or service with a market value.
Industry:Economy
A legal body created in 1966 to formulate and harmonize national rules on international commercial transactions. It includes 36 member states elected by the UN General Assembly, representing various geographic regions and economic and legal systems. It differs from the WTO in its more technical focus and its broad representation.
Industry:Economy
