алмастырғыш атом

алмастырғыш атом

A substituent is an atom or group of bonded atoms that can be considered to have replaced a hydrogen atom (or two hydrogen atoms in the special case of bivalent groups) in a parent molecular entity (real or hypothetical).

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软件; 分析软件

Ligands are atoms or groups bound to a "central atom" in a polyatomic molecular entity. The term is generally used in connection with metallic "central atoms".